Recent Articles
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March 22, 2024 Review Article
Abstract Background: The prevalence of severe malnutrition among people under five years of age worldwide is 11% and 7% in Uganda, while the prevalence of HIV infection among these children is high (29-48%). Objectives: To establish the pattern of weight gain.....
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February 26, 2024 Review Article
Abstract It is no longer a rare phenomenon for pediatric patients to experience moderate to high levels of emotional distress, including anxiety, during preventive care office visits with healthcare providers. This distress can be attributed to multiple f.....
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February 19, 2024 Case Report
Abstract Background: Skin involvement in fusariosis can present as rapidly progressive disseminated lesions. Case presentation: We report a 12-year old boy with leukemia with fever on day+31 post-hematopoietic stem-cell transplant. Despite antibiotics, fev.....
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February 26, 2024 Review Article
Abstract There is evidence that multiple negative influences and conditions worldwide not only hinder children from achieving their optimal potential, but also often cause them to be involved in malevolent behaviors. Present evidence suggests that childre.....
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February 12, 2024 Case Report
Abstract Background: Tarlov cysts, commonly known as perineurial cysts, are mostly asymptomatic benign lesions that are often accidentally discovered during imaging initiated for other reasons. The pathology is very rare in children, so it may be of scientifi.....
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February 10, 2024 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To evaluate adequacy of bowel preparation and complications during paediatric gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Design: A retrospective service evaluation project Place and Duration: All patients < 18 years of age undergoing oesophagogastro.....
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February 08, 2024 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Typical motor development represents a transition from initial reflex activities to voluntary motor skills. Children with disabilities face challenges in this process. Early intervention approaches, such as the use of mobility devices, .....
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January 06, 2024 Short Communication
Abstract Child malnutrition is still one of the most serious problems facing many developing countries in the world. In order to try to come to grips with this problem, I have proposed a measure of child malnutrition, which I dubbed the Composite Index .....
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January 06, 2024 Research Article
Abstract Background: Abnormal blood glucose concentration is the most common metabolic abnormality in childhood particularly in critically ill children. High blood glucose (BG) levels have shown an association with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Me.....
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December 31, 2023 Case Report
Abstract The epidermal nevus syndromes (ENS) are a heterogeneous group of congenital anomalies characterized by epidermal or sebaceous nevi that are associated with extracutaneous manifestations that most often involve the central nervous system (CNS), ocular.....
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December 20, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Background: Although the seasonality of type 1 diabetes has been described in most regions of the world, there are few data from sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a seasonality in the occurrence of type 1 diabetes.....
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December 18, 2023 Review Article
Abstract Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) causes respiratory tract infections in all age groups but older children and young adults are more affected than other age groups. Atypical pneumonia was described as a distinct and mild form of community-acquire.....
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December 15, 2023 Short Note
Abstract Chest pain in children is a common presentation to the Emergency Department
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November 30, 2023 Case Report
Abstract In this report we will discuss how the osteopathic approach can support therapeutic intervention with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The osteopathic intervention precedes other interventions because it modifies the child’s body structure a.....
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November 18, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Aims: Objectives include to examine current studies on the effectiveness of caregiver education used to increase oral feeding of children with developmental disabilities. Specific objectives were to identify the types of available evidence and to id.....
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November 07, 2023 Case Report
Abstract A 14-month-old boy with multi-drug resistant (MDR) pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) on moxifloxacin, paraaminosalicylate (PAS), clofazimine, linezolid and cycloserine since 5 months of age had fever and cough for 3 days, increased respiratory activity f.....
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November 05, 2023 Case Report
Abstract A 7-year-old girl presented with a month-long history of fever, cough, and fatigue and hepatosplenomegaly with low erythrocyte sedimentation rate and transaminitis. She was diagnosed to have drug sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.Tb) on sputum.....
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November 06, 2023 Short Communication
Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a set of heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder strongly linked with genetic and environmental factors and characterized by atypical patterns of repetitive verbal and nonverbal behaviours including dysfunction in.....
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November 03, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Objective: The present study aims to analyze the conduct and outcome of patients diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD) referred by the neonatology service of a tertiary hospital in the State of Santa Catarina. Study design: This research is.....
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January 22, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To describe the phenotypes of asthma, asthma severity and hospitalization in children presenting to the children’s respiratory clinic at a tertiary hospital Methods: A hospital based, 6month longitudinal study was conducted among asthmat.....
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September 24, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Background: Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 10% of the world’s population is home to over two-thirds of the world HIV patients. Improved survival of these patients, is accompanied by challenges of cardiovascular manifestation. Hence, we determined.....
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September 23, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Onychomycosis is a rare nail fungal infection in children and few authors have evaluated the topic in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and pathogens of onychomycosis in the pediatric population in a tert.....
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August 31, 2023 Case Report
Abstract Segmental spinal dysgenesis (SSD) is a rare and complex congenital anomaly of the lumbar or thoracolumbar spine which is associated with congenital kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis and focal spinal cord malformations. In this study, we describe a 5 day old.....
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August 19, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To examine the impact of evidence-based, trauma-focused treatment on mental health service utilization and juvenile justice involvement among adolescents with co-occurring posttraumctic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and substance use pro.....
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August 11, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Background: Pediatric critical care nurses, residents, and physicians receive a variety of resuscitation training, but emergencies are high stakes, low frequency events. Skill and psychomotor decay are threats to effective performance. Simulation tra.....
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August 05, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Abstract Background: Control of the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic is reliant upon vaccination of a large percentage of the global population. Low rates of vaccine acceptance hinder these efforts. In May 2021, the US Food and Drug Admin.....
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July 29, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Abstract Background: Caudal epidural block is one of the most commonly used, popular, safe and easy regional anesthetic techniques to be performed in children undergoing infra-umbilical surgeries. The main disadvantage of single-shot caudal anesthesi.....
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July 29, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Abstract Possible causes of congenital defects such as the common cleft palate and/or libidinal (CLP) are multifactorial. It is known that they occur as a result of both genetic and environmental risk factors. Although it seems that these defects are.....
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July 20, 2023 Case Report
Abstract Abstract Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) or Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an anatomoclinical entity characterized by the phagocytosis of blood cells by macrophages in response to a supra-physiological stimulation of phagocytic cell.....
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July 21, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Abstract Background: Globally, severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains a major killer of children under 5 years of age. The highest magnitude is seen in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Hypoglycemia is the most common complication of severe ac.....
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June 10, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Objective: In this descriptive study, we explored temporal trends and racial inequities in US infant mortality, low birth weight, and preterm births. Method: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemi.....
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April 24, 2023 Case Report
Abstract A fifteen-year-old girl presented with symptoms of encephalitis, including behavioral changes, hallucinations, delusions, cerebrospinal fluid with pleocytosis and a pathological electroencephalography with delta waves. Extensive blood tests, cerebros.....
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April 19, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Background: Cranial ultrasound (CUS) is currently recommended between 7 and 14 days of life for infants born before 30 weeks of gestational age (GA). It provides information about possible perinatal brain injury and helps in predicting long-term outc.....
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April 19, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Objective: In United States (US) youths suicide has become the second leading cause of premature death among those aged 10 to 24 years and is the leading cause of death among those aged 13 to 14 years. In this original research we explored trends in .....
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March 31, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Background: The impact of labeling patients penicillin-allergic include increased hospital length-of-stay and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Despite these undesirable consequences, few studies have addressed solutions and no protocol existed at o.....
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March 23, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Fluorosis is a public health problem in the Rift Valley areas of Ethiopia. While defluoridation of water is best solution, consumption of calcium-rich foods may mitigate development of adverse symptoms. The aim of the study was to determine whether c.....
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March 16, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Chromosome microdeletion is a hereditary disease with complex clinical manifestations due to the deletion of small chromosome segments [1]. Chromosome 7, Partial Monosomy 7p is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by deletion (monosomy) of a por.....
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March 25, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the dietary intake and the anthropometric profile of infants on a diet eliminating cow’s milk proteins (CMP), compared to infants on a free diet. Method: Prospective cross-sectional study carried out with infants aged 6-24 .....
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January 12, 2023 Research Article
Abstract Objective: Acute cough in children is a common reason for emergency department (ED) visits and impacts the quality of life (QOL) of patients and their families. Study objectives were to compare how parents/guardians (caregivers) versus providers rate.....
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October 28, 2022 Research Article
Abstract Abstract Aim: The aim of our study was to analyze the effects of auditory processing disorder in children suffering from DLD using dichotic tests. The intent of this study was to assess language development using Czech-language dichotic word tests.....
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April 21, 2022 Research Article
Abstract 1.1. Aim: To document the clinical profile and outcome of children below 18 years of age with SARS-CoV-2 infection with relation to pre-existing comorbidities. 1.2. Methods: Prospective, observational study at the Emergency Department of a tertiary .....
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December 31, 2021 Case Report
Abstract Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), is an autosomal recessive multi-organ genetic disorder characterized mainly by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, skeletal abnormalities and hematological abnormalities due to bone marrow dysfunction. It is a rare c.....
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December 12, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Background: The evaluation of functional status and disability of the patients after critical disease are significant aspects to be measured. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the functional status of critical pediatric patients after hospital dischar.....
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November 30, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Problem: It is quite common the appearance of disorders of various natures in children and its adequate management its necessary to prevent worsening and improve quality of life. Complementary therapies are an available and growing resource to assis.....
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November 22, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Concurrent infections among tropical fevers like Dengue, Scrub typhus, Malaria, Chikungunya, Enteric fever and Leptospirosis have recently been recognized as an emerging problem. The objectives of this study were to determine the preva.....
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November 20, 2021 Review Article
Abstract Long COVID-19 or the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms beyond four weeks has been recently recognized as a medical condition in children and adolescents. Only twelve studies could be found in the Long COVID literature on youth. This narrative review i.....
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November 18, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Caffeine has been commonly used for the prevention and treatment of apnea-related symptoms in preterm infants. However, exposure to caffeine can influence weight gain in this population. Objectives: To evaluate the weight evolution of.....
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October 30, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Abstract Background: Pharmaceutical care is a practice in which the practitioner takes responsibility for a patient’s drug-related needs, and is held accountable for this commitment. Responsible drug therapy is provided for the purpose of achievi.....
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October 30, 2021 Case Series
Abstract We present a case series centered around typical and atypical presentations of Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MISC) residing in the NYC area. Preliminary research suggests that children are just as likely to become infected with SARS.....
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October 21, 2021 Research Article
Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has presented challenges since detection, isolation and prevention of mass broadcast become a global heath emerging danger. Thus, the authorities adopted restrictive measures, limiting the movement of people, in addition to the.....
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October 15, 2021 Case Report
Abstract Berardinelli-Seip syndrome is a congenital disorder of metabolism. It is characterized by insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus and deficiency of adipose tissue. The clinical and laboratory features of the syndrome are mostly due to fat deficiency, di.....
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October 06, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To define the profile of patients submitted to Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV), admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), to identify factors related to failure or failure in the extubation process. Methods: A retrospectiv.....
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September 30, 2021 Case Report
Abstract Neuroblastoma, an embryonic tumor arising from primitive cells of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system, is the most common extracranial solid neoplasm in childhood. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous as it depends on the tumor size and pr.....
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August 28, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Background: Newborns are at increased risk of hypernatremia due to their inability to control their fluid intake and their large body surface area to weight/ height ratio. The main cause of hypernatremia in neonates is dehydration from lactation fail.....
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July 30, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Background: Maternal and cord blood adipokine levels are associated with birth weight and intra-uterine retardation in neonates. It is not however clear whether there exists any association between adipokine concentrations and gender of newborn infa.....
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July 30, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To estimate the incidence of excess of body weight in the school period and explore possible association with prenatal factors. Methods: An epidemiological study with a longitudinal design was carried out. All children from the first to t.....
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July 30, 2021 Case Report
Abstract Objective: To analyze the influence of cryotherapy and thermotherapy on spasticity in cerebral palsy. Methods: The sample consisted of a patient with spastic cerebral palsy sequels, female, and 10 years old of Centro Universitario Filadelfia (UniFil.....
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July 16, 2021 Review Article
Abstract Introduction: Sleep disorders in childhood are common complaints in pediatric consultations, so it is important to understand these disorders. Patients can be classified as those who cannot sleep, those who will not sleep, those with daytime sleepine.....
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June 30, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Background: Micronutrient deficiencies predispose the infants and children to infections, anemia, impaired growth and development, thus, cost effective strategies are urgently required to combat these deficiencies. Fortification of iron/zinc appears.....
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June 26, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Aim of study: Compare anthropometric, inflammatory and metabolic characteristics in eutrophic and obese 8-year-old schoolchildren attending at a cohort in Palhoça/SC, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study involving 34 8-year-old studen.....
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May 31, 2021 Review Article
Abstract This report presents a concept for idiopathic scoliosis (IS) progression, which refers to the role of the diurnal variation on the asymmetric water distribution of the eccentric nucleus pulposus of the deformed scoliotic IVD, and the subsequent alte.....
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April 30, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Carriers of germline constitutional pathogenic mutations tend to develop bilateral retinoblastoma. Among carriers of germline mutations in RB1 gene, about 14% of the probands carry gene or chromosomal deletions that include partial or complete loss .....
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April 29, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the daily urinary fluoride excretion of children in Qatar. Methods: The sampling frame was children who participated in the Qatar Child Oral Health Survey 2017 (QCOHS 2017). A sub-group of QCOHS 2017 were inv.....
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November 30, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Objectives: This study examines inequalities and changes in under-nutrition of under-five children in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: We used data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2004 and 2014. Inequalities in unde.....
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December 24, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Assessment of nutritional status of a population using most appropriate growth chart is essential to establishitshealth status and for administering timely interventions. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and its correlates among ad.....
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December 17, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Background: Identification of mothers at risk, early in gestation is essential In India as both maternal undernutrition and prevalence low birth weight (LBW) is high.Therefore, simple screening tool based on non-invasive early markers of risk for LBW.....
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December 17, 2020 Case Report
Abstract We present a previously normal 15 years old girl with a generalized weakness and coma following convulsive status epilepticus which developed after inferior alveolar nerve blockade through local lidocaine injection by a dentist. The patient was admit.....
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December 13, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To describe procedures, indications and contraindications for bag squeezing and manual hyperinflation maneuvers and to propose an algorithm to optimize use of these techniques. Methods: A narrative literature review based on searches i.....
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November 30, 2020 Research Article
Abstract In the current study, age less than or equal to 24 months and visiting ED after 4 hours of the event lead to a longer duration for re-using the affected arm following reduction.
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November 27, 2020 Editorial
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November 27, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Background: Davis Buckley hyperimmunoglobulin E (IgE), recurrent infection syndromes are very rare group of heterogeneous disorders of variable genetic basis and manifestations, but they are essentially characterized by significant elevation of serum.....
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November 21, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Background: Phenotype expression in adulthood is closely related to lifestyle, particularly eating habits in early childhood. In addition, children born prematurely are subject to metabolic complications that lead the early onset of chronic diseases .....
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November 20, 2020 Research Article
Abstract This longitudinal study aimed to verify the advantages of simultaneous bilateral stimulation for the development of hearing and oral language skills over unilateral stimulation in children using cochlear implants, in the first year of electronic devi.....
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October 19, 2020 Research Article
Abstract The purpose was to stimulate phonological awareness in the school environment and to verify the effects on reading and writing skills. It is a non- randomized (quasi-experimental), double blind case-control clinical study, 69 students from elementary.....
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October 31, 2020 Clinical Image
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October 15, 2020 Review Article
Abstract Diarrheal disease remains one of the leading causes of death in children under the age of five years in developing countries. Extensive measures have been in effect in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), worldwide, to provide clean water, good h.....
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October 15, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Background: The diagnosis of non-IgE mediated cow’s milk protein allergy (CMA) in infants is based on the elimination of cow’s milk protein from the diet with clinical improvement, followed by reintroduction with relapse of symptoms. Given the po.....
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September 19, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Objective: Classic galactosaemia (CG), due to Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), deficiency presents in neonates after exposure to galactose. On galactose restricted and lactose free diet, the mainstay of treatment of CG, initial sympt.....
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September 14, 2020 Mini ReviewOral Intestinal Adsorbents - are they the Next Therapy for Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Mini-Review
Abstract Current guidelines for the treatment of acute intestinal infection in children recommend oral rehydration therapy and use of anti-diarrheals is not widely endorsed, as there are reported safety concerns with some and they do not treat the underlying .....
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September 11, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Background: Neonate is any infants from the birth to 28 days. Most of the neonatal deaths occur in developing countries particularly in sub-Saharan African and south central Asian countries. The ability to predict Length of stay would be valuable to .....
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September 04, 2020 Case Report
Abstract Munchausen’s syndrome refers to patients who injure their bodies and repeatedly request medical assistance due to these illnesses or factitious conditions. In the reported case, an 11-year-old girl was referred to the dermatology outpatient clinic,.....
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August 31, 2020 Case Report
Abstract Noonan syndrome (NS), is a common congenital genetic disorder due to defects in the PTPN11 gene or genes related to Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Common features seen in individuals with NS include characteristic facial feat.....
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August 30, 2020 Case Report
Abstract Purpose: The manifestation of bullous diseases on oral mucoses leading scarring sequel are widely described in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). These complications cause disfigurement and functional impairment. They are more rarely reported in ery.....
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August 30, 2020 Review Article
Abstract Mercury prenatal exposure can be estimated through mercury concentrations in different maternal/fetal biological matrices. However, questions have been raised regarding the accuracy of umbilical cord matrices as biomarkers of that exposure. The aim o.....
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August 29, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of racecadotril together with oral rehydration solution (ORS) compared to ORS alone in infants (>3 months), children and adolescents with acute diarrhea. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03463.....
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August 17, 2020 Review Article
Abstract Currently, in the management of acute diarrhea, underuse of oral rehydration solutions (ORS), is still reported, being a strong rationale for their improvement to increase patient’s acceptability and, in consequence, treatment compliance and therap.....
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July 29, 2020 Research Article
Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of the neurodevelopment of an atypical Robin Sequence clinical case and the impact of emotional burden on the primary caregiver. Female participant, age 01 years and 08 months, with Robin Sequence, .....
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July 15, 2020 Short Note
Abstract The epidemic of Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) attributed to SARS-CoV-2 (formerly 2019-nCoV) has brought a worldwide public health threat since December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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July 09, 2020 Short Note
Abstract Congenital dislocation of knee is a rare desease and may be associated with other congenital and musculoskeletal disorders. Early diagnosis of CDK is very important non operative treatment usually provides more stable, greater range of motion and m.....
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July 01, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Objective: Sotos syndrome is a rare overgrowth disorder. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover data in patients with Sotos syndrome are scarce. We describe the skeletal status of a paediatric cohort and also pursue the best method to adjust bo.....
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June 25, 2020 Case Series
Abstract Syphilis, one of the most common sexually transmitted infections globally, is caused by the spirochete, Treponema pallidum. It can be transmitted from an infected mother via the placenta to the fetus. Untreated syphilis during pregnancy has a transmi.....
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June 15, 2020 Review Article
Abstract The text in this review is divided in three sections, each with results from four decades of research at the borderlines between orthodontics and the medical disciplines: embryology, fetal pathology, endocrinology, neurology, neuro-anatomy, neuro-psy.....
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June 07, 2020 Case Report
Abstract Oral lichen planus (OLP), is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects women and is rarely observed in children and adolescents. We report here two cases of OLP in adolescents and review the cases published in the literature. First one, a 10.....
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May 25, 2020 Case Report
Abstract Accidents and trauma, including abusive head trauma (AHT), are leading causes of death and disability in children. One of the most common sequelae of AHT in children is traumatic brain injury (TBI), of varying severity. Amantadine, a dopamine agoni.....
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May 23, 2020 Review Article
Abstract This work aims to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the characteristics of pneumonia due to new coronaviruses on newborns, as well as to discuss the relationship of this infection with pregnancy and exposure in the neonatal period. A.....
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May 21, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Objective: The objective of this study is to present the performance of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the Reading processes through the presentation of five cases. Method: Five male students with Attention Deficit Diso.....
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May 16, 2020 Review Article
Abstract The objective of this research was to describe the occurrence of cases of congenital heart disease in children under one year of age registered in health information systems in the state of Ceará, Brazil, from 2010 to 2015. It is a descriptive study.....
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May 21, 2020 Review Article
Abstract Leishmaniasis is a protozoan parasitic disease. Leishmaniasis is divided into 3 categories, e.g. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (MCL). For VL, the estimated number of new cases per year may h.....
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May 15, 2020 Short Communication
Abstract Background: Painful os intermetatarseum is a very rare condition. Gruber et al first described os intermetatarseum in 1877. This condition is usually asymptomatic. One should consider painful os intermetatarseum as being a possible cause of dorsal fo.....
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May 08, 2020 Review Article
Abstract Nutritional deficiency compromises the adequate immune and metabolic functions, and may cause repercussions during the postoperative period of pediatric patients submitted to cardiac surgery, thereby causing or aggravating clinical problems. Our aim .....
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April 29, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Background: There has been no shortage of published articles about pyloric stenosis of infancy(PS). Curiously, few have opined a cause despite a galaxy of potentially informative clues. The earliest speculative suggestion was that hyperacidity was in.....
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April 27, 2020 Short Communication
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the interferents in a quantitative technique for glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), deficiency diagnosis. Newborn blood samples were collected in filter paper from May 2016 to January 2017 in Sergipe state, Brazil......
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April 25, 2020 Review Article
Abstract Background: Managing ACL tears in the skeletally immature patient is a complicated and at times challenging undertaking. As such, it should be undertaken only by a surgeon with experience treating pediatric and adolescent injuries of this nature. .....
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April 21, 2020 Original Research
Abstract Objective: To describe pneumococcal meningitis main epidemiological features in young children, and discuss potential effect of Cuban Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine. Methods: Nationwide retrospective observational study (1998-2016), in children <.....
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April 15, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Ability to quantify the severity of the patient and predict the probability of death based on the clinical state of admitted child can help decision making selection of treatments, ethical issues and economic strategies. Aim and obj.....
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March 30, 2020 Perspective
Abstract Introduction: The differing experiences of the surgeon, he parent and the baby are discussed in terms of what is presently known about the pathogenesis of pyloric stenosis of infancy (PS). Methods: The experiences are culled from personal experien.....
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March 27, 2020 Review Article
Abstract To effectively identify, assess and manage suspected cases of Munchausen by Proxy abuse, clinicians, legal professionals and the public need to incorporate five core principles into their understanding of this life-threatening form of maltreatment. T.....
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February 15, 2020 Case Report
Abstract Background: Necrotizing fasciitis is a soft tissue infection, mainly related to penetrating trauma, which creates a gateway for pathogens. Case presentation: A female patient, 8 months old, is admitted to the Pediatrics Emergency Unit of the with .....
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February 13, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory illness that characteristically affects the children below two years of age accounting about 2-3% of patients, admitted to hospital each year. We compared the effect of Racemic Epinephrine (RE) and 3.....
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February 08, 2020 Review Article
Abstract Fractures of the carpal scaphoid are not common in children. When they occur the fractures are usually located in the distal pole but they have also been sustained through the waist. Resultant scaphoid non-unions have been reported. Their optional tr.....
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February 02, 2020 Research Article
Abstract Background: A comparison of outcomes for CH before and after the start of the NSP in the UAE. Methods: Review of the findings of all the babies with CH seen in the period 1996 to 2004. Results: Before the UAE NSP babies were usually diagnosed v.....
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January 24, 2020 Case Report
Abstract Introduction: Hydrocephalus occurs in 80% of patients with Dandy–Walker (DW) syndrome. Accord-ing to the literature, when permeability of the cerebral aqueduct is demonstrated, it is possible to use a sin-gle shunt, either ventriculoperitoneal or c.....
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December 23, 2019 Editorial
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December 12, 2019 Research Article
Abstract The anxiety presented by the patients may be related to numerous factors. The study aims to evaluate the anxiety level and influence of factors of regarding dental treatment in high school students between 14 and 19 years of age, based on an anxiety .....
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October 22, 2019 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of children and adolescents with phenylketonuria. Methods: Retrospective study with anthropometric and biochemical data collection from patients with phenylketonuria in the.....
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February 17, 2019 Research Article
Abstract The study was based on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and examined the validity and reliability of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPN-ES) [27], of individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) from Greece, Cyprus and Portugal.....
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January 25, 2019 Case Report
Abstract Background: Bloody nipple discharge is extremely rare in children. The etiology and pathophysiology remain uncertain, with the most common cause being mammary ductal ectasia. In this paper, we present two cases with nipple discharge bleeding. Case.....
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January 04, 2019 Research Article
Abstract Infections in the infratemporal region can be a major source of morbidity and have been known to occur after dental procedures. Neurovascular structures running through the infratemporal fossa serve as a source for infections to track to different ar.....
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December 15, 2018 Short Communication
Abstract Down syndrome is the most common chromosome disorder. One constant concern is the care to improve development and quality of life that may be affected by the onset of West syndrome. The aim of this retrospective study is analyze the prevalence and ev.....
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December 13, 2018 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Postoperative pain management in children after spinal surgery is a crucial issue that deserves much attention. Multimodal analgesia appears to be the most appropriate approach to optimize pain control. Pregabalin has proven its efficac.....
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November 22, 2018 Case Report
Abstract Introduction: Here we report a rare pediatric case of stiff person syndrome (SPS), an uncommon neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscular rigidity and spasm affecting primarily axial muscles. Patient description: An 11 year-old boy.....
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November 22, 2018 Review Article
Abstract Despite considerable efforts, obesity rates in youth have been rising or plateaued at a high level throughout the world. Global data indicate that 1 in 10 school-aged children are overweight or obese. Due to the increased risks for physical and psych.....
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July 23, 2018 Research Article
Abstract Background: Neonatal sepsis is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among term and preterm infants particularly in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Pathogens implicated are mostly hospital-acquired. Parirenyatwa NICU experienced a.....
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November 14, 2018 Research Article
Abstract Objective: The development of motor competence during childhood has important implications for future health and well-being. The present study examined the association of overweight and obesity with motor competence in 6- to 8-year-old school childre.....
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June 10, 2018 Research Article
Abstract Background: Despite being highly desirable, there is limited success discharging very low birth weight infants (VLBW) on mother’s own milk. Research aim: To explore interventions to improve lactation success based upon recommendations of lactat.....
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May 28, 2018 Case Report
Abstract We diagnosed a 5 years old boy as a case of abdominal tuberculosis which is a rare presentation for tuberculosis in children. We are sharing this case review aiming to early diagnosis and management of those cases to decrease morbidity and mortality......
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May 24, 2018 Research Article
Abstract Background: Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4) called for a two-thirds reduction in global child mortality from 1990 to 2015. Although the worldwide under-five (U5) mortality has decreased significantly, reductions in neonatal mortality have not be.....
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May 24, 2018 Case Report
Abstract Primary care pediatricians see a wide spectrum of children with developmental delay with and without dysmorphic features. Searching for a genetic cause can be challenging. We describe a 24 month old child with global developmental delay, congenital n.....
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May 21, 2018 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Neonatal infections are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Neonatal meningitis, meningeal infection occurring up to 28 days of life, can be confirmed by means of laboratory criteria, through the analysis of cerebrospina.....
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May 16, 2018 Research Article
Abstract Objectives: To investigate whether changing maternal milk expression routine reduces exclusive mother’s own milk (MOM) feedings rate at discharge for very low birth weight infants. Methods: Prospective observational cohort study with historic co.....
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May 16, 2018 Case Report
Abstract 8-year-old girl admitted for management of left hemi paresis. The CT scan supplemented with MRI angiography revealed ischemic lesions related to cerebral microangiopathy. The association of limb and kidney malformations, as well as the small size and.....
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March 12, 2018 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To provide training in the immediate response to newborn emergencies in a Level 1 newborn nursery, to assess the efficiency of this training for increasing the comfort level of pediatric residents and nurses in emergency recognition and re.....
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March 12, 2018 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Modern society is faced with limitations to practice physical activity, due to the lack of infrastructure, lack of time, lack of public safety and growth of sedentary activities that favor a sedentary lifestyle. Objective: Examined .....
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March 05, 2018 Case Report
Abstract Our report summarizes the case of a girl presenting with symptoms suggestive of dermatomyositis after environmental exposure during Hurricane Harvey. Her symptoms were later diagnosed as contact dermatitis secondary to playing with slime, a substance.....
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March 03, 2018 Review Article
Abstract Pediatric providers play a critical role in the lives of developing children and are well-positioned to ameliorate the impacts of childhood adversity. Despite evidence-based recommendations and progress in drawing awareness to this issue, best practi.....
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February 24, 2018 Review Article
Abstract Background: Childhood obesity is growing worldwide and brings concerns that overweight or obese children are more likely to become obese as adults. Early diagnosis is of utmost importance, and for that purpose, WHtR is easy to use and interpret by th.....
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February 23, 2018 Research Article
Abstract Background: Capnometry can reduce arterial blood sampling and allow fast and noninvasive assessments using end-tidal of carbon dioxide (EtCO2). Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the correlation of partial pressure of arterial CO2.....
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January 26, 2018 Case Report
Abstract This case report highlights the importance of working through a differential diagnosis when a child presents with arthritis or enthesitis, as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a diagnosis of exclusion. A twelve-year-old girl presented to clinic .....
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January 08, 2018 Case Report
Abstract Recurrent intestinal obstructions are frequently reported in Cystic Fibrosis patients at any age. The most frequent diagnoses are constipation and distal ileal obstruction syndrome, however in previously operated patients, post-surgical adhesions mus.....
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November 30, 2017 Case Report
Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection. It is the leading infectious cause of infant hearing loss and neurologic deficits. Besides these, CMV infection has a wide spectrum of manifestations including thrombocytopenia, .....
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August 22, 2017 Research Article
Abstract Existing direct diagnostic tools for ASD tend not to be practical for use by most community paediatricians. We examined the potential of using selected activities modified from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) to inform diagnostic de.....
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July 31, 2017 Case Report
Abstract We report a rare case of neuroblastoma with Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia (OMA) and Horner’s syndrome in a previously healthy 17-month-old female who presented with titubations and a wide based gait. The patient had an initial negative workup inclu.....
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July 17, 2017 Case Report
Abstract As the Syrian conflict rages on, more and more innocent civilians are fleeing their homes in pursuit of safety. The numbers of Syrians refugees that have left their country encroaches on 5 million, more than a quarter of them in Lebanon. These famili.....
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July 17, 2017 Research Article
Abstract The results of this study indicate the critical role of parents’ emotion-related beliefs in toddlers’ development of effortful control (EC). We assessed EC and negative affectivity characteristics of 94 Taiwanese children through their parents’.....
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July 13, 2017 Case Report
Abstract Introduction: Tuberculosis of the spine and its sequelae constitute a major burden on healthcare systems in the developing world and requires meticulous attention to detail, the appropriate surgical skill and good perioperative support systems to.....
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June 21, 2017 Case Report
Abstract The following case report illustrates the significance of patient history and always having a broad differential diagnosis. A four-year-old boy presented in our clinic with the solitary symptom of intermittent shoulder spasms. The patient’s mother .....
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June 06, 2017 Mini Review
Abstract Zika virus is a flavivirus known to cause microcephaly during development. The mechanism underlying Zika virus induced neuropathogenesis is still poorly understood. Recent studies have utilized the cutting edge cell culture and animal model technolog.....
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May 16, 2017 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Children with severe kyphosis are prone to developing neurologic compromise, poor respiratory function and possible early death. Early identification and surgical intervention has proven to be effective. However they carry the highest s.....
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April 29, 2017 Case Series
Abstract Group C and G streptococci, classified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis(SDSE), are an unusual cause of sepsis in pediatric patients. SDSE have a similar pathogenicity to Streptococcus pyogenes, and can cause pharyngitis and skin and s.....
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April 07, 2017 Review Article
Abstract Dental caries has been the most common disease in childhood. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that dental caries affects about 60 to 90% of schoolchildren and the majority of adults. The patterns of dental caries globally and regi.....
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April 05, 2017 Case Report
Abstract Pancreatic atrophy is most commonly a consequence of cystic fibrosis, recurrent pancreatitis, or of anatomic variation of the organ. Recently, cases of pancreatic atrophy associated with inflammatory bowel disease have been reported, with the questio.....
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February 22, 2017 Research Article
Abstract Background: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) training in pediatrics varies greatly. The instructional-video training with the advancing technology of portable ultrasound machine is a novel method of POCUS training. Objective: We sought to investigate.....
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February 20, 2017 Research Article
Abstract Background: In spite of the high incidence of gingivitis and periodontal disease in the hemophiliac population, few are known about the influence of oral health condition as risk factor for bleeding after dental extraction in this patient population......
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February 19, 2017 Case Report
Abstract Background: Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT), even continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH), is often not well tolerated in hemodynamically unstable patients. Ultrafiltration (UF) using the Aquadex™ system has emerged as a potential alternative .....
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February 16, 2017 Review Article
Abstract Background: Noroviruses are, after rotaviruses, the most common cause of nonbacterial intestinal infections in children. It has been observed a lower incidence of norovirus gastroenteritis in breast-fed compared to formula-fed infants. Effective vacc.....
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January 19, 2017 Research Article
Abstract Background: Early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) will provide an early conservative management and reduce the chance of surgical intervention. Many risk factors of DDH have been identified (family history, breech presentation, .....
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December 21, 2016 Case Report
Abstract We report a full term infant with features of encephalocele and amniotic band sequence identified at time of birth and presenting with infection. The case highlights a unique presentation of encephalocele, as well as, the significant difficulties of .....
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November 24, 2016 Case Report
Abstract First identified in 2012, the histone 3 mutation H3.3K27M significantly affects the prognosis of children with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and other gliomas. Tumors with this mutation tend to be more aggressive and localize along the midline, behavin.....
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November 19, 2016 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. Community-based studies are important in ascertaining the burden of the disease. Objectives: The study was se.....
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November 17, 2016 Research Article
Abstract Hypoalbuminemia is common in the intensive care setting, and preoperative hypoalbuminemia is reported to be associated with an increased risk of post-operative complications in adult cancer patients. However, studies of hypoalbuminemia in childhood c.....
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November 16, 2016 Case Report
Abstract A male newborn with pre-natal diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease (Taussig-Bing heart) was referred to our Institution for surgical treatment. The procedure was complicated by permanent AV block and consequent implantation of epicardial PMK.....
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October 15, 2016 Case Report
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September 27, 2016 Case Report
Abstract Over the last few decades, zinc deficiency has become a nutritional problem present in developed and developing countries. It has encompassed many abnormalities in the metabolism caused by inadequate dietetic ingestion, a decrease in the absorption o.....
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September 25, 2016 Short Communication
Abstract The purpose of our study is to identify the fetal genetic factors contributing to birth weight (BW) and their possible cooperative interactions. We have reexamined our data on four genetic systems previously studied Acid Phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1), P.....
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September 02, 2016 Review Article
Abstract Water, sodium and potassium regulation is usually altered in end-stage renal disease patients, particularly in frail individuals such as pediatric and elderly people. In this review article, pathophysiology of water, sodium, and potassium imbalance i.....
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August 22, 2016 Case Report
Abstract Nighttime use of electronic media (EM) including smartphones and tablets is reported to have detrimental effects on sleep. Survey-based studies demonstrate that EM use near bedtime and in bed is associated with shortened sleep duration and insomnia i.....
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July 28, 2016 Mini Review
Abstract Gunshot wound to the head (GSWH) has a mortality rate of 20-90% in adults and 20-65% in the pediatric population. Due to the high rates of mortality and morbidity, the management of these patients remains a topic of high interest. Here, we present th.....
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July 20, 2016 Case Report
Abstract We describe a case of two-year-old boy presenting with debilitating pruritus, patchy alopecia and jaundice since the age of 6 months. On evaluation he had intrahepatic cholestasis with persistently raised serum alkaline phosphatase, normal Gamma glut.....
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July 07, 2016 Case Report
Abstract The frequency of NIHF (Non-immunological hydrops fetalis) and congenital ascites associated with LSD (Lysosomal storage disorders) is exceptionally rare. The reported incidence worldwide is about 1% with very limited reports from the MENA (Middle Eas.....
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July 12, 2016 Case Series
Abstract Intracranial hydatid disease is rare, with reported incidence of 1-2% of all cases with hydatid disease and most of these cases present in childhood. In this report, we describe four children with primary hydatid disease of the brain. All four patien.....
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July 12, 2016 Clinical Image
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May 25, 2016 Case Report
Abstract The problems faced by hospitals in the developing countries and how they handle difficult and complex cases as in short bowel syndrome is usually not discussed in international journals. The aim of this paper is to attract attention to the plight of .....
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May 13, 2016 Case Report
Abstract Introduction: CMVR is the most common opportunistic ocular infection in severely immunocompromised individuals. Herein, we report three immune deficient patients with CMVR. First case: A 15-year old girl with the diagnosis of HIV infection and dif.....
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May 06, 2016 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Preterm infants are expected to achieve skills consistent with term born peers by age 3. The purpose of this study was to describe trajectories of adaptive behavior for preterm children, examining the influence of gestational age (GA).....
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February 04, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The degree of risk is related to the duration and extent of colitis, as well as the severity of inflammation over time. We present a 17 years old female diagnosed wi.....
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February 04, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus and has significant implications in the immune suppressed. Several cases of CMV colitis have been reported in neonates, acquiring the virus in a variety of ways, through vertical transmission, b.....
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February 04, 2015 Case Report
Abstract A type III choledochal cyst (choledochocele) is a rare lesion affecting the distal common bile duct and pancreato-biliary junction, which is consistently described in the literature as a cystic lesion involving the duodenal wall at the ampulla and in.....
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February 04, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Collagenous gastritis is a rarely diagnosed disorder in pediatrics. The pediatric onset type typically presents with abdominal pain and anemia and the adult onset type with diarrhea. We present 2 new cases of collagenous gastritis. The first case pre.....
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February 04, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. They are rarely seen in children, and the majority of cases occur in the stomach. We report the case of a 17 years old male with a duodenal GIST. He present.....
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February 04, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Introduction: Foreign body ingestion is a common problem in the pediatric population. Specifically, magnet ingestion, which has unique and potentially life-threatening consequences, has increased significantly in the last decade. Case Presentatio.....
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February 04, 2015 Review Article
Abstract Autoimmune liver disease in children encompasses autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), AIH overlapping with sclerosing cholangitis, drug induced AIH, AIH in syndromes, systemic disease and AIH after liver transplantation (LT). AIH is an uncommon progressive di.....
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February 04, 2015 Review Article
Abstract Two centuries after Professor John Burns, of the Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow referred to biliary atresia in his text book the etiology of the obliterative process remains a mystery. We still lack a complete understanding of the patho.....
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February 04, 2014 Review Article
Abstract Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has been introduced several decades ago in an attempt to restore the gut microbial balance. FMT appears to be the most efficient method to effectively change and sustain the gut microbial composition. To this date .....
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February 04, 2015 Review Article
Abstract Probiotics are live microorganisms that have recently gained popularity for being beneficial to human health and digestion. There are several forms of probiotics, perhaps the more widely used form is the lactic acid producer. Studies with the stronge.....
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February 04, 2015 Review Article
Abstract Wheat has been a staple in the human diet for over 10,000 years. However, in contrast to ruminant animals, humans did not evolve to digest wheat gluten completely before it leaves our one-chambered stomach. Response to the dietary proteins in wheat c.....
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February 04, 2015 Review Article
Abstract Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, atopic inflammatory disorder of the esophagus. With the escalating prevalence in children and young adults, revised guidelines have been established. Its pathogenesis has been associated with T helper Type.....
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February 04, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Background: Neighborhood safety and certain behaviors – namely doing homework and reading – have not been widely correlated with obesity. Methods: Convenience sample of 124 patients between 7-18 years old from an urban, impoverished community.....
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February 04, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Objectives: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the most common cause of diarrhea in allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant (HPCT) recipients. Diarrhea may be caused by infection or epithelial cell damage secondary to chemotherapy or rad.....
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February 04, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Background: In adults, it has been demonstrated that nighttime gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs primarily in the first half of sleep. It is unknown if the same reflux pattern occurs in children with GER. Objective: To characterize the associat.....
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February 04, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Objectives: Incomplete fructose absorption can result in gastrointestinal distress symptoms in children, which may impact their quality of life; however, this has not been formally studied. This study evaluates whether dietary fructose restriction im.....
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August 23, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Various rhythm and conduction disturbances have been reported in patients with acute rheumatic fever, that first-degree atrioventricular block is the most common one. The second or third-degree AV block, junctional tachycardia with or without AV diss.....
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May 06, 2016 Research Article
Abstract Introduction: Pediatric patients with abdominal solid malignant tumor may occasionally present with acute abdomen and required emergency surgery because of peritonitis. This report presents four cases of abdominal solid malignant tumor which are asso.....
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May 03, 2016 Clinical Image
Abstract Loose anagen hair syndrome (LAHS) is a hair disorder that is caused by defective anchorage of the hair shaft to the follicle and primarily affects children. Diagnosis is made clinically by painless plucking of hair that does not grow long and confirm.....
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April 16, 2016 Research Article
Abstract Background: Despite the proven efficacy and safety of beta-blockers in the management of infantile hemangiomas (IH), there are still many patients requiring surgical treatment. The aim of our study is to analize the current indications for surgical t.....
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April 07, 2016 Mini Review
Abstract Abdominal pain is a common presentation to a various abdominal and extraabdominal diseases in children.Most of urologic disorders may present in children with abdominal pain yet, their presentation may be atypical and confusing. Pediatrician and pri.....
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March 30, 2016 Case Report
Abstract Batteries are an integral part of modern lifestyle. There is little awareness about their disposal. Apart from being an environmental hazard, in the hands of children these can be potentially catastrophic. We describe a case of blast injury due to ba.....
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March 09, 2016 Case Report
Abstract Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders requiring abdominal surgery in infancy. Whilst the operation is relatively routine and complications are low in developed countries, in resource poo.....
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December 11, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is an acute, toxin-mediated illness which results in shock and multi-organ failure early in its clinical course. Causes include toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Invasive Group A Streptococcus (e.g. Strep.....
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December 07, 2015 Case Report
Abstract The use of the pulse oximeter to estimate oxygen saturation has revolutionized monitoring capabilities in medicine. However, there can be circumstances in which there is a discordance between oxygen saturation measurements via pulse oximeter (SpO2) a.....
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December 07, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To determine if mothers of children with chronic functional constipation show higher levels of anxiety than mothers of children not constipated. Methods: Participants were recruited from patients at the Outpatient Pediatric Gastroentero.....
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December 03, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Refractory epilepsy in childhood is a common presentation of cortical heterotopia, a form of neuronal migration disorders. Subcortical band heterotopia or double cortex syndrome, subependymal heterotopia and subcortical heterotopia are three common t.....
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November 25, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS, Gorlin syndrome) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the PTCH1 gene. It is characterized by distinct skeletal and craniofacial anomalies with an increased risk for basal cell carcinom.....
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November 05, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To assess pediatric residents’ knowledge of and attitudes about IPV at a community hospital in the South Bronx before and after IPV training. Methods: A seven-hour IPV training program on IPV relevant screening, education, policies, .....
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November 05, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To determine whether there is an association between parent reported child temperament and nutrition risk in preschool aged children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Healthy children aged between 3-5 years were recruited fro.....
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October 27, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Objective : To characterize the incidence of pulmonary hypertension in a cohort of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD] and to correlate echocardiographic markers of pulmonary artery pressure [PAP] with prolonged oxygen supplementation, blo.....
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October 27, 2015 Review Article
Abstract High-risk neuroblastoma remains a significant treatment challenge. Currently, less than half of patients survive, despite intensive multi-agent, multimodal therapies. We give an overview of the current treatment strategy and summarize the evidence fo.....
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October 23, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Background: Amblyopia is the most common visual disorder in childhood. Its prevalence is often underestimated because of lack of awareness and proper study. This study aims to assess the magnitude and clinical profile of amblyopia in children attendi.....
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October 16, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Duplication of the 2q24.3 region containing the SCN sodium channel genes has recently been described as a cause of neonatal epilepsy. Here we describe a patient with duplication of 2q23.3-2q31.2 who presented with neonatal epilepsy, developmental del.....
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October 13, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Hookworm infestation of small bowel on Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) was reported in the adult population but not in children. It is an uncommon cause of iron deficiency anemia and abdominal pain in Midwestern United States. The purpose of this ca.....
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October 13, 2015 Research Article
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) carriage and infections and determine risk factors associated with specific S. aureus strains, specifically MRSA USA300. A case contro.....
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October 13, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Urethral duplication is a genitourinary anomaly that may rarely present in conjunction with posterior urethral valves. The management algorithm of children affected by both these urologic conditions is still unknown, given the low incidence and the c.....
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October 02, 2015 Case Report
Abstract We report a case of a 17-year old boy, who presented acute bilateral cataract and complete vision loss within six days, three months after the diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)under optimal metabolic control (HbA1c 6%).At presentation (H.....
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September 11, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Objective: Describe utilization and family satisfaction in a specialty integrated care program for children with severe, chronic respiratory insufficiency. Subjects: Enrollees of the Critical Care, Anesthesia, Perioperative Extension (CAPE) and Ho.....
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August 24, 2015 Case Report
Abstract atrogenic calcinosis cutis presents with similar symptoms and signs of soft tissue, joint and bone infections. We present here a preterm infant with iatrogenic calcinosis cutis misdiagnosed as septhic arthritis and osteomyelitis. We hope that our cas.....
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August 19, 2015 Case Series
Abstract Background: Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare condition characterized by midline brain abnormalities, optic nerve hypoplasia and hypothalamic-pituitary deficiencies. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in its pathogenesis. Genetic.....
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August 14, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Lymphangiomas are rare benign neoplasms believed to be result of abnormal development of lymphatic system. They grow very slowly usually localized to one organ, but occasionally involve several organs in one part of the body. Reports of single organ .....
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August 09, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Background: Children with sickle cell disease have been shown to be at greater risk of bacterial infections from Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae and Salmonella enteritidis and from complications of septicaemia, pneumonia, respiratory .....
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August 03, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Familial Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a fatal autosomal recessive hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, hyperferritenemia and widespread hemophagocytosis in the reticuloendothelial tissues. D.....
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August 03, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is characterized by recurrent, discrete episodes of vomiting between periods of completely normal health. Cannabinoid-induced CVS have been documented in adults but the link is often overlooked in children. To our knowl.....
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June 25, 2015 Clinical Image
Abstract Dubowitz syndrome is an uncommon genetic disorder associated with typical facial dysmorphism and a variety of cutaneous, skeletal, systemic, immunological and hematological abnormalities. Thus far, only about 150 cases have been reported worldwide. W.....
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June 12, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Purpose: To describe ocular problems seen and treatments provided to the children attending a tertiary level eye care facility in western Nepal. Material and Methods: In the hospital based retrospective study, all children coming to the pediatric .....
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June 10, 2015 Mini Review
Abstract Caregivers of children with cancer are at risk for distress, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. In particular, fathers of children with cancer present with unique coping challenges related to traditional gender roles and societal expectation.....
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May 28, 2015 Case Report
Abstract A previously healthy 21-month-old girl who presented to the emergency department with 4 days of fever and progressive lethargy, initially computed tomography (CT) scan was normal and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was lymphocyte predominant pleocytosi.....
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May 15, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Purpose: The most common types of liver tumors in pediatric patients are hepatoblastoma (HBL) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The relationship between perinatal characteristics and hepatoblastoma as well as the outcome of liver tumors is the aim .....
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April 30, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Childhood proptosis is quite different from that of the adult. While thyroid orbitopathy is the most common cause in adults, proptosis among children can be caused by: infection, inflammation, vascular and developmental malformation and finally malig.....
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April 30, 2015 Case Report
Abstract L1 syndrome encompasses a spectrum of conditions that includes a common clinical finding of congenital hydrocephalus and X-linked inheritance. L1CAM is the only gene implicated in this condition. Approximately 247 different mutations have been report.....
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April 23, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Cirrhosis (Greek word) by definition is a hard, nodular regenerating disease of liver in which the hepatocytes are constantly injured (by insulting agent) with fibrosis due to increase in connective tissues that ultimately lead to destruction in stru.....
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April 13, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Background: The current rate of infant mortality in India is 40/1000, two thirds of which is due to neonatal mortality [1]. Neonatal sepsis accounts for more than 50% of the neonatal mortality in India. Ideally the prompt culture of specimens – i.e.....
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April 07, 2015 Short Communication
Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to examine factors associated with the attitudes of parents of 6-month-old infants, with respect to maintaining a daily life rhythm for their child. Methods: Cross-tabulated data from nationwide cross-sectional surve.....
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April 07, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Aims: To define children, parents, and grandparents ideas about children overweight and obesity. Method: A questionnaire applied to 1380 median-low, low and very low income families living in Mexico City, selected in a consecutive way, during the .....
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March 23, 2015 Research ArticleLearning the Skill of Antenatal Consultation at the Threshold of Viability: A Framework for Trainees
Abstract Background: An objective of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine (NPM) training is learning skills for antenatal consultation at the threshold of viability (<26 weeks’ gestation) (ACTV). However, there is no suggested educational curriculum. Objectives: .....
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March 20, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, characterized by severe hypokalemia and episodes of skeletal muscle paralysis. Although it is commonly described in adult East Asian men, TPP has been reported in individuals of.....
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March 21, 2015 Case Report
Abstract We present the case of a two-year-old girl with the chief complaint of fever and a limp who, after seven emergency room visits over 10 days, was ultimately diagnosed with ruptured appendicitis. This case serves an important reminder about the challen.....
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March 14, 2015 Case Report
Abstract This report describes a 13 year-old female with a history of asthma who presented in acute respiratory failure with profound hypercarbia secondary to status asthmaticus. On admission to our PICU, her neurologic exam was consistent with brain death. H.....
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March 14, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Neonatal cholestasis is a prolonged elevation of the serum levels of conjugated bilirubin beyond the first 14 days of life. Commonest etiologies include extrahepatic conditions like biliary atresia, intrahepatic like congenital malformations, infecti.....
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February 12, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Boerhaave’s syndrome is associated with spontaneous rupture of lower end of esophagus after a bout of vomiting, leading to chest pain and sub cutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and leakage of fluids in to the base of the lungs. Boerhaave’s sy.....
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January 29, 2015 Research ArticleDevelopmental Neuropathology and Outcome of Perinatal Brain Damage and the Brain Microvascuar System
Abstract The cerebral cortex microvascular system of normal (unaltered) brains is described and compared with that of altered ones by perinatal brain damage. The brain’ microvascular system evolves from the pial capillary plexus an important meningeal compa.....
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December 10, 2014 Case Report
Abstract Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is not infrequently encountered in adult populations, but has rarely been described in pediatric patients. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a form of stress-related cardiomyopathy, that usually occurs after significant emotional o.....
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November 26, 2014 Research Article
Abstract Objectives: The prevalence of obesity and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa are increasing to higher levels, even amongst children and adolescents.The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), as .....
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November 26, 2014 Case ReportSevere Microphthalmia or Anophthalmia in a Newborn with an Interstitial Duplication of 15q11.2-Q11.2
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October 17, 2014 Case Report
Abstract A 7-year-old previously healthy male presented with sudden worsening of a chronic lower back pain that had been present intermittently for 7 months requiring ibuprofen. His review of systems was essentially negative. Family history was negative for m.....
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September 29, 2014 Case Report
Abstract Pediatric traumatic injuries involving the oral cavity are common, and can have serious functional, esthetic, and developmental sequelae. The peak incidence for primary tooth trauma occurs between the ages of 18 and 30 months – a time when parent.....
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September 29, 2014 Case Report
Abstract There are different causes for reflux, recurrent vomiting, constipation, poor weight gain, and other GI related issues in infants. Lactobezoar, a rare GI condition, can present with these nonspecific findings. Early diagnosis should be made, however,.....
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September 05, 2014 Research Article
Abstract Objective: Acute poisoning is considered as an important health problem leading to admission of children. Also, the epidemiologic surveillance specific for each country is necessary. Therefore, we conducted this study to obtain the epidemiological in.....
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August 25, 2014 Case Report
Abstract Lichen scrofulosorum (LS) is a rare tuberculid seen in children and young adults with underlying tuberculosis, which may be difficult to diagnose otherwise. Present communication describes two cases presenting with characteristic skin lesions of LS a.....
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July 21, 2014 Research Article
Abstract Purpose: To describe the distribution of Waist Circumference (WC) percentiles and cutoff points for obesity in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Study including adolescents aged ?10 and <16 years conducted. Anthropometric measurements (weight, heig.....
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July 21, 2014 Editorial
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May 29, 2014 Case Report
Abstract Adenovirus is a common viral infection with variable clinical presentations, including respiratory tract infection, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis. In immunocompromised patients, it can present more severely with liver failure, renal failure, en.....
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May 29, 2014 Research Article
Abstract Asthma is common in pediatric patient populations, and acute asthma exacerbations are one of the leading causes for emergency department visits in pediatric hospitals. Several methods are used to evaluate the severity of asthma exacerbations, includi.....
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May 29, 2014 Research Article
Abstract Objective: We showed previously that ?4 blockade using a humanized monoclonal antibody against integrin ?4, Natalizumab, antagonizes stromal adhesion of pre-B ALL cells and in combination with chemotherapy eliminates resistant pre-B-ALL in an MRD set.....
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February 12, 2014 Research Article
Abstract Primary malignant bone tumors account for approximately 6% of all childhood malignancies. Osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) are the most common and have an annual incidence of 8.7 per million under the age of 20 years. The mean 5-year surv.....
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January 18, 2014 Case Report
Abstract A seven-year-old previously healthy Hispanic male presented with persistent fevers and a nonproductive cough. After an initial course of outpatient antibiotics, the patient was admitted to the hospital for further management of a right upper lobe con.....
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December 30, 2013 Mini Review
Abstract Successfully transitioning the care of adolescents with chronic illness to adult providers is an important, yet often challenging, aspect in the care of these patients. In renal transplant recipients in particular, there is concern that the transfer .....
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January 07, 2014 Review Article
Abstract The ever growing prevalence of childhood obesity is being accompanied by an increase in the pediatric population of diseases once believed to be exclusive of the adulthood such as the metabolic syndrome (MS). The MS has been defined as the link betwe.....
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December 13, 2013 Research Article
Abstract Objective: To describe the underlying clinical decision-making rationale among general pediatricians, family physicians, pediatric cardiologists and pediatric nephrologists in their approach to an adolescent with hypertension. Methods: We conducte.....
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February 25, 2021 Research Article
Abstract Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), is rare autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by the occurrence of benign tumors, including epileptogenic tumors in the brain. Its highly varying phenotypic manifestations can lead to mis- and missed dia.....
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August 29, 2020 Case Report
Abstract 1.1. Purpose The manifestation of bullous diseases on oral mucoses leading scarring sequel are widely described in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). These complications cause disfigurement and functional impairment. They are more rarely reported in .....
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May 08, 2020 Review Article
Abstract Inflammatory changes compromise the adequate immune and metabolic functions in the postoperative period of pediatric patients submitted to surgery and may cause and/or aggravate clinical problems. Our aim was to investigate the association between in.....
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May 06, 2020 Research Article
Abstract 1.1. Aim This study aims to evaluate the influence of nutritional status on admission, according to the anthropometric indicator, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin on length of hospital stay (LHS) and time of mechanical ventilation (MV) in .....
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January 25, 2019 Research Article
Abstract 1.1. Background: Bloody nipple discharge is extremely rare in children. The etiology and pathophysiology remain uncertain, with the most common cause being mammary ductal ectasia. In this paper, we present two cases with nipple discharge bleeding. 1.....
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March 03, 2018 Review Article
Abstract Pediatric providers play a critical role in the lives of developing children and are well-positioned to ameliorate the impacts of childhood adversity. Despite evidence-based recommendations and progress in drawing awareness to this issue, best practi.....
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April 07, 2017 Review Article
Abstract Dental caries has been the most common disease in childhood. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that dental caries affects about 60 to 90% of schoolchildren and the majority of adults. The patterns of dental caries globally and regionally.....
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April 05, 2017 Case Report
Abstract Pancreatic atrophy is most commonly a consequence of cystic fibrosis, recurrent pancreatitis, or of anatomic variation of the organ. Recently, cases of pancreatic atrophy associated with inflammatory bowel disease have been reported, with the questi.....
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August 23, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Various rhythm and conduction disturbances have been reported in patients with acute rheumatic fever, that first-degree atrioventricular block is the most common one. The second or third-degree AV block, junctional tachycardia with or without AV diss.....
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March 05, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Background and Aim: Blood transfusion is the main treatment for people who have moderate or severe thalassemias. The main side effect of transfusion therapy is that the patient develops iron overload, which lead to serious damage to the internal orga.....
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February 07, 2015 Research Article
Abstract The era of multiple antibiotic resistances in bacteria causing infections have led to increased morbidity and mortality and has posed huge therapeutic challenges to clinicians. Consequently, we determined the presence of these resistance patterns in .....
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February 24, 2015 Review
Abstract Up to 68 % of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (CwASD) suffer from sleep disturbances that adversely affect their learning, emotional regulation, behavioral functioning, and safety, as well as impact their parents’ sleep and stress levels. T.....
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February 04, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The degree of risk is related to the duration and extent of colitis, as well as the severity of inflammation over time. We present a 17 years old female diagnosed .....
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February 04, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus and has significant implications in the immunoimmune suppressed. Several cases of CMV colitis have been reported in neonates, acquiring the virus in a variety of ways, through vertical transmiss.....
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February 04, 2015 Case Report
Abstract A type III choledochal cyst (choledochocele) is a rare lesion affecting the distal common bile duct and pancreato-biliary junction, which is consistently described in the literature as a cystic lesion involving the duodenal wall at the ampulla and in.....
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February 04, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Collagenous gastritis is a rarely diagnosed disorder in pediatrics. The pediatric onset type typically presents with abdominal pain and anemia and the adult onset type with diarrhea. We present 2 new cases of collagenous gastritis. The first case pre.....
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February 04, 2015 Case Report
Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. They are rarely seen in children, and the majority of cases occur in the stomach. We report the case of a 17 years old male with a duodenal GIST. He present.....
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October 15, 2014 Case ReportMultiple Magnet Ingestion Leading To to Intestinal Fistula In in An an Autistic 13 Years Old Female.
Abstract Introduction: Foreign body ingestion is a common problem in the pediatric population. Specifically, magnet ingestion, which has unique and potentially life-threatening consequences, has increased significantly in the last decade. Case Presentation:.....
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February 04, 2015 Review
Abstract Autoimmune liver disease in children encompasses autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), AIH overlapping with sclerosing cholangitis, drug induced AIH, AIH in syndromes, systemic disease and AIH after liver transplantation (LT). AIH is an uncommon progressive di.....
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February 04, 2015 Review
Abstract Two centuries after Professor John Burns, of the Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow referred to biliary atresia in his text book the etiology of the obliterative process remains a mystery. We still lack a complete understanding of the patho.....
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February 04, 2015 Review
Abstract Fecal micro biota transplant (FMT) has been introduced several decades ago in an attempt to restore the gut microbial balance. FMT appears to be the most efficient method to effectively change and sustain the gut microbial composition. To this date t.....
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February 04, 2015 Review
Abstract Probiotics are live microorganisms that have recently gained popularity for being beneficial to human health and digestion. There are several forms of probiotics, perhaps the more widely used form is the lactic acid producer. Studies with the strong.....
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February 04, 2015 Review
Abstract Wheat has been a staple in the human diet for over 10,000 years. However, in contrast to ruminant animals, humans did not evolve to digest wheat gluten completely before it leaves our one-chambered stomach. Response to the dietary proteins in wheat c.....
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February 04, 2015 Review
Abstract Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, atopic inflammatory disorder of the esophagus. With the escalating prevalence in children and young adults, revised guidelines have been established. Its pathogenesis has been associated with T helper Type.....
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February 04, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Background: Neighborhood safety and certain behaviors – namely doing homework and reading – have not been widely correlated with obesity. Methods: Convenience sample of 124 patients between 7-18 years old from an urban, impoverished community .....
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February 05, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Objectives: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the most common cause of diarrhea in allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant (HPCT) recipients. Diarrhea may be caused by infection or epithelial cell damage secondary to chemotherapy or rad.....
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February 05, 2015 Research Article
Abstract 1.1. Background: In adults, it has been demonstrated that nighttime gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs primarily in the first half of sleep. It is unknown if the same reflux pattern occurs in children with GER. 1.2. Objective: To characterize t.....
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February 04, 2015 Research Article
Abstract 1.1. Objectives: Incomplete fructose absorption can result in gastrointestinal distress symptoms in children, which may impact their quality of life; however, this has not been formally studied. This study evaluates whether dietary fructose restricti.....
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January 05, 2015 Research Article
Abstract Adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) and their parents are more optimistic about their future than their physicians. This may affect treatment preferences and therapy adherence. Disease specific recommendations for discussing disease course of .....
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January 12, 2015 Review
Abstract The detrimental effects of vitamin D deficiency in pediatrics have become increasingly apparent and extend beyond skeletal health. Unfortunately, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in atopic pediatric patients, in whom it may disrupt the immune.....
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December 05, 2014 Case Report
Abstract Brown syndrome is a special form of strabismus characterized by limited elevation of the eye in adduction resulting from an abnormality of the superonasal aspect of the orbit. The etiology may be congenital, inflammatory, or traumatic, and treatment .....
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December 05, 2014 Research Article
Abstract Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that patients with scoliosis with a Cobb angle over twenty degrees be referred for orthopedic care. The purpose of this study was to examine how referral patterns are related to curve ma.....
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October 17, 2014 Clinical Image
Abstract A 13-year-old girl presented with complaint of genital pain and swelling following a straddle injury. Patient was riding an adult bicycle when she fell over the crossbar and landed on her genitalia. She had pain and mild swelling of the genitalia th.....
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November 13, 2013 Editorial
Abstract Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) affects approximately 20 million people in the US [1]. Roughly 7,000 males and 18,000 females acquire cancer yearly due to HPV [1]. HPV quadrivalent vaccine contains four serotypes, 6,11,16,18. 90% of genital warts are cau.....
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November 21, 2013 Mini Review
Abstract Antibody mediated rejection is increasingly being recognized as a significant player in contributing to long term graft injury and loss in renal transplant recipients. Due to the paucity to large and robust trials, much of what we know about this ent.....
