Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecologic endocrinologic disorder that causes systematic hormonal imbalances and is estimated to affect approximately 10% of women at their reproductive age. The current literature shows that women with PCOS have higher risk factors for premature morbidity and mortality.PCOS seems to have increased the prevalence of cardiovascular risk, hypertension, insulin resistance, and uterine pathology. The endocrinopathy associated with PCOS prevails most commonly as anovulation, hyperandrogenism, obesity and acanthosis nigricans. In order for a patient to be diagnosed with PCOS according to the new Rotterdam criteria formulated by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), at least two out of three set criteria, anovulation, excess of androgen and polycystic over morphology, must be met. Chronic an ovulation makes women predisposed to endometrial cancer. PCOS has also increasingly been associated with breast and ovarian cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide clinicians up-to-date information on PCOS based on clinical findings, to provide practical advice, and to provide insight in to associated health risks.