The Oil Production Capacity of Diatoms - Abstract
A considerable effort has been made to identify microalgae suitable for the development of new bio products. However, diatoms have been underexplored despite their adaptability, high versatility and high productivity. This review focuses on the potential use of diatoms to develop new bio products for industrial applications. In particular, cellular mechanisms responsible for lipid synthesis and accumulation exist in diatoms and can maximize lipid (oil) production. Since diatoms are present in various types of ecosystems, from rivers to seas and ice sheets, they are very versatile and can adapt to a range of environmental conditions. Understanding the mechanisms behind the response of diatoms to particular water conditions will significantly advance our knowledge of morphogenesis and metabolism in diatoms. In particular, by modifying diatom growth parameters, it is possible to shift their metabolism towards high lipid accumulation and storage. The versatility of diatoms could then be used to promote the development of new bio products for industrial, agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. This review discusses the distinctive features of diatoms and recent advances enabling potential industrial use of diatoms for oil production.