The Effect of Age, Gender, and Variable Conditions on Plasma Adipokines, Other Parameters, and GlucoseRegulating Hormones in Common Bottlenose Dolphins - Abstract
The reference data and associations of leptin, adiponectin, insulin, glucose, glucagon, HOMAIR, and HOMA? with other parameters in healthy (adults, pubescents, and juveniles), inflammatory, pregnant, and lactated common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were studied. Results showed that the levels of insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and glucagon varied with age and gender, presented variable values in gestation, lactation, and inflammation. The values of insulin in the adult females were higher than that of the adult males (p < 0.01). The value of insulin of in the pubescent males was higher than that of the adult males (p < 0.05). The value of insulin and HOMAIR of the lactated females were higher than that of the adult females (p < 0.05), while the value of adiponectin in the adult females were higher than that of the lactated females (p < 0.05). The value of adiponectin in healthy juvenile males was higher than that of the inflammatory males (p < 0.05). HOMAIR in the healthy adult females were higher than that of the adult males (p < 0.05). HOMA? in healthy adult females were lower than that of the adult males (p < 0.05). HOMA? in healthy pubescent males were lower than that of healthy adult males (p < 0.05). HOMA? of
inflammatory pubescent females reduced as compared with that of healthy pubescent females (p < 0.01), whereas HOMA? of inflammatory juvenile females increased as compared with that of healthy juvenile females (p < 0.01). Taken together, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and glucagon of common bottlenose dolphin are associated with glucose regulation, lipid metabolism, and sex hormone homeostasis.