Impact of Radical Prostatectomy Delay on Oncological Outcomes in 2287 Patients over an Eleven-Year Timespan - Abstract
Introduction: The impact of lengthening the delay between diagnosis and radical prostatectomy (RP) on oncological outcomes is uncertain. This study aimed to assess the impact of surgical delay on oncologic outcomes such as pathologic upgrading, pT3 upstaging and risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR). Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed all consecutive radical prostatectomies carried out in a single center from January 2012 to May 2023. A surgical delay cutoff of 3 months was chosen. The primary endpoint was the assessment of BCR through the validated CAPRA-S score. Secondary endpoints included pathologic analyses such as ISUP
upgrading, pT3 upstaging, positive surgical margins and nodal status. Results: A total of 2287 patients were included, 1479 of which had complete data on surgical delays. Median age and PSA at diagnosis were 65.0 years (IQR [60.0; 69.0]) and 7.7 ng/ml (IQR [5.8; 10.2]) respectively. Median time between prostate biopsy and surgery was 3.0 months [3.0; 4.0]. Surgical delay over three months was found to be significantly associated with ISUP upgrading: from ISUP1 to ISUP2 in 4% vs 7% (p=0.042) and from ISUP2 to ISUP3 in 7% vs 13% (p=0.011), but not with upstaging to pT3, nor to positive surgical margins. The risk of biochemical recurrence was not higher in patients delayed over three months: CAPRA-S score 4.0 [3.0; 6.0] vs 4.0 [3.0; 6.0] (p=0.738). Conclusion: While surgical delay could lead to higher ISUP upgrading, no negative impact on oncological outcomes such as pathologic locally advanced disease and risk of biochemical recurrence has been shown.