Objective: To analyze the therapeutic response of patients followed for systemic lupus erythematosus in the rheumatology department of the university hospital of Bogodogo from January 2006 to December 2020. Method: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study with retrospective data collection conducted in the rheumatology department of the university hospital of Bogodogo in Burkina Faso, from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2020. The diagnosis of SLE was based on the existence of at least four of the ACR/EULAR criteria, with quantitative or qualitative evidence of immunopositivity to at least anti-native DNA and anti-Sm autoantibodies. Results: Hydroxychloroquine was prescribed as background treatment in 27 patients (93.10%). Under treatment, the evolution was marked by clinical remission in 15 patients (55.17%), and a mean SELENA-SLEDAI score of 4.2 ± 3.97 with extremes of 0 to 13 compared to 9.07 ± 6.64 with extremes of 0 to 23 of mean SELENA-SLEDAI score (p=0.001), over one year of follow-up. Immunologically, the mean anti-dsDNA antibody level was 93.08 ± 117.43 IU at diagnosis versus 20.08 ± 13.48 IU at control (p=0.041), with a mean time interval of 5.25 ± 4.01 years with extremes of 0.41 and 15 years. Conclusion: A clinical improvement and an immunological response were observed under treatment.