This literature review examines why United States military veterans (hereafter, “veterans”) are at a higher risk of food insecurity than nonveterans. It provides an overview of the literature regarding the prevalence of food insecurity among veteran subpopulations and how it compares to the general population. Unique risk factors associated with increased probabilities of veterans being food insecure are reported, along with barriers that may inhibit veterans’ participation in food assistance programs. Food insecurity risk factor screening in clinical or community settings and recently targeted interventions to support veterans at high risk for experiencing food insecurity are described. Overall, the literature reveals that veterans are at a higher risk of food insecurity than nonveterans due to various risk factors unique to the veteran population. More research is needed to identify significant factors that may be used to target interventions to improve food security among the veteran population.