The Paradox of Proximity: Menopause Awareness & Symptom Burden in a Transitional Rural Community of Islamabad — A Mixed-Methods Study - Abstract
Background: Despite increasing urban expansion in Pakistan, menopause remains poorly understood and seldom discussed within many rural and peri
urban communities. Mohra Nur, a rural settlement located within close proximity to major tertiary-care institutions in Islamabad, presents a unique context for
examining how physical access interacts with cultural silence to shape menopause-related awareness and experiences.
Methods: A mixed-methods exploratory study was conducted using convenience sampling of women aged ?30 years (n=15). Quantitative data were
collected using a modified 23-item Greene Climacteric Scale and analyzed through descriptive statistics and correlation matrices. Qualitative insights were
obtained through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) facilitated via a semi-structured interview guide and analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s method.
A brief educational session on menopause was delivered after data collection.
Results: Participants reported a moderate-to-high symptomatic burden (mean score 29.9/69), with psychological (mean 1.50) and somatic symptoms
(mean 1.35) most prominent. Fatigue (2.27), joint pain (2.07), and loss of interest (2.00) were the highest-severity symptoms.
were minimal despite proximity to healthcare facilities.
Strong correlations were found between concentration difficulties (r=0.84), anxiety or panic attacks (r=0.70), and overall symptom severity.
Qualitative analysis revealed six major themes: (1) menopause as an unrecognized phenomenon; (2) cultural silence and lack of generational knowledge
pathways; (3) absence of familial or communal support structures; (4) reliance on spiritual healers and home remedies; (5) emotional and psychological distress;
and (6) physical and cognitive deterioration. Across narratives, menopause held no meaningful position in household dialogue, and health-seeking behaviours
Conclusion: Findings highlight a paradox in which infrastructural proximity to healthcare does not translate into menopause awareness or utilization of
services. In this transitional rural community undergoing rapid urban integration, women continue to rely on familiar cultural pathways and longstanding silence
surrounding menopause. Culturally grounded, community-centered, and proactive educational approaches are essential to improving menopause literacy and
health-seeking behaviour in similar settings.