Cellular preparations (CP) of embryonic nerve tissue previously derived form 9-day-old rat embryos (rENT) and human olfactory neural stem cells. (hoNSC) were used for single injection into the brain or under the skin of rat pups three days after inducing various-severity perinatal injury of the CNS (CNS PI). Cultivated rat fibroblasts (rF), i. e. non-progenitor cells, were implanted as cellular control. We used the animal models of PIs most adequate to clinical manifestations of severe cerebral palsy - a model of perinatal hypoxic ischaemic brain damage (PHIBD) by the Rice and a model of minimal cerebral dysfunctions syndrome – neonatal anoxia (NA) according to the technique suggested by Speiser. All the mentioned cell types labelled with vital dye CFDA-SE preserved their vitality for not less than 28 days following intracerebral or subcutaneous administration. Two-month-long weekly monitoring of the motor activity (the “Rotarod” tests, “hanging”) and cognitive functions (Passive avoidance, Y-maze) showed that implantation of cell preparations of rat fibroblasts (rFCP) (cellular control) exerted no appreciable effect on the functional state of the rat pups. In contrast, implantation of hoNSC CP and rENT CP into the brain and under the skin resulted in considerable restoration of the impaired functions both in rats with PHIBD and those with NA. Subcutaneous implantation turned out to be not less efficient than implantation of cells directly into the brain. No differences in efficacy of implantation of xenogenic hoNSC and allogenic rENT cells were observed. The findings obtained in the present study suggest a possibility of non-specific neuroprotective effect of cell preparations implanted intracerebrally or subcutaneously to rat pups with perinatal lesions of the brain.