Fifteen years have been passed after the first discovery of human dental pulpderived stem cells. Now, four types of stem cells are isolated from human dental pulp tissues, and are identified as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), and human supernumerary tooth-derived stem cells (SNTSCs). Recent investigations accumulate diverse evidence regarding to human dental pulp-derived stem cells to understand their properties, especially the multipotency of the stem cells. Therefore, many investigators have focused on human dental pulp-derived stem cells to apply regenerative therapy for dental and systemic diseases. This review provides insights into properties of human dental pulp-derived stem cells and current application of human dental pulp-derived stem cells into translational researches for local and systemic diseases.