Sustainable Optimized Procedures for Bioactive Phytochemicals from Turmeric using Deep Eutectic Solvents and their Activities and Applications - Abstract
urmeric is a root spice consumed owing to its colour, bioactivity and flavour. It contains curcuminoids as major bioactive phytochemicals. Their sensitivity
to light and poor aqueous solubility restricts application. Deep eutectic solvents are produced by uniting hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor.
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are formed from primary metabolites. These are considered as green solvents. Extraction and estimation periods are
reduced with the use of DES / NADES. Activity coefficients of curcuminoids in DESs are one of the important factors to determine the extractability and solubility
in respective solvents. Solubility of bioactive molecules in the aqueous NADES is increased. The stability of bioactive compounds to light is increased due to
NADES intervention. Solvent volumes for processing are decreased. Mechanisms of DES / NADES extractions and analytical methods indicate the reasons for
their higher efficiencies. Ultimately energy is saved as the periods and volume of NADES usage is decreased. Bioavailability of bioactive phytochemicals
is increased in NADES extracts. Turmeric extracts from NADES could be used directly in pharmaceutical products and functional foods, as the side effects
and toxicity are minimal than the extracts from organic solvents. Turmeric NADES extracts are applied in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, edible food
packaging, antidiabetic drugs adsorption, textile dyeing, and trapping of methylglyoxal. Studies on the use of extract from NADES as drug carriers are
initiated. Scale up studies on extraction is commenced. DES / NADES as alternate solvents in turmeric processing for various purposes is increasing gradually
3. Highlights
1. DES can become excellent sustainable solvents for processing of turmeric.
2. Periods and quantities of substrates are reduced for extraction and estimation of curcuminoids.
3. Stability, solubility and bioavailability of the curcuminoids in these extracts is increased.
4. Energy is saved for extraction owing to shorter periods and reduced volumes.
5. Applications are improving due to the increased stability of bioactive phytochemicals.