Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient essential for plant growth and development. However, the solubility of inorganic phosphate (Pi), the available form for plant uptake, in soils is low. Plants have evolved various adaptive mechanisms to cope with Pi deficiency stress. Change of root system architecture (RSA) is a well-known adaption in response to Pi deficiency for exploration of available Pi at top soil layers. Although aux in has long been considered to be the key player controlling RSA under Pi deficiency, increasing evidences indicate ethylene also plays an important role in regulating these processes. In addition to RSA, it has been reported in recent years that ethylene is involved in the regulation of other Pi starvation responses (PSRs) including Pi transporter gene expression, acid phosphatase activity and anthocyan in accumulation. It reveals that ethylene may regulate a complex network for plant adaptive responses to Pi deficiency. Here, we review the current knowledge on the involvement of ethylene in plant PSRs.