The present study is about ethnobotany and conservation issues of the multipurpose Oxytenanthera abyssinica in the Mandura Woreda. The Woreda has patchily distributed vegetation features characterized by Combrutum molle and Entada abyssinica growing in association with O.abyssinica, commonly known as lowland bamboo. The life of native people in Mandura Woreda is strongly dependant on law land bamboo for their socio-economic well binges. The lowland bamboo forest in the Woreda was flowered in 1998 E.C, but the current burning environmental issues in the Woreda is deforestation due to fuel-wood consumption, timber harvesting, farm expansion, and forest burning. O.abyssinica is multipurpose tree species in Mandura Woreda; about 20 local uses ofthe spices are identified. Pair wise ranking with 5 highly preferred woody species of different uses was conducted and O. abyssinica was first choice for construction and beehive making; and ranked fourth for pole and fire wood. The new shoots of the species also used as food during summer season, which is time of food shortage, and as “T’osha” (poison and alcohols antidotes). Lowland bamboo vegetation is threatened by cutting, decay of new shoots, mass flowering, agricultural expansion, over grazing, fire and cutting style of which fire is the most leading threat reported. Using a participatory method, five important methods of conservation were identified to conserve the species. They were: government measures, community forest protection, encouraging cultural by laws, cultivation and proper cutting style. Of these methods, government measure was thought central and decisive. Awareness creation is among the recommendations.