Among the myriad of soil organisms, earthworms are one of the most vital components of the soil biota in terms of soil formation and maintenance of soil structure and fertility. During feeding, earthworms promote microbial activity by several orders of magnitude, which in turn also accelerate the rates of break down and stabilization of humic fractions or organic matter. Microorganisms are the ultimate decomposers and mineralize in the detritus food chain and in organic matter decomposition. Fresh casts, urine, mucus and coelomic fluid which are rich in the worm-worked soil and burrows act as stimulant for the multiplication of dormant microorganisms in the soil and are responsible for constant release of nutrients into it, which then facilitates root growth and a healthy appropriate sustainable rhizosphere. Generally three species of earthworms have largely been used for vermicomposting, they being Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae and Perionyx excavatus; at times Lumbricus rubellus and Lampito mauritii. The process of composting, although shows the occurrence of different microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilizers and the microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle; succession is shown in the quantity of microbes depending upon the nature of the substrate, the age of the compost, the ambience created by the existing microbes to its successors and also the physical and chemical characteristics. Generally microbial population in compost is reported to be Heterotrophic bacteria 463.11 ± 162.26 X 106, Fungi 13.46 ± 2.07X104, and Actinomycetes 44.05 ± 17.11 X 106. The density and diversity of algae increase progressively and the maximum is recorded in the vermicompost. Of special significance are the presences of algae such as Oscillatoria sp, Anabaena sp, and Nostoc sp which are known to enhance soil fertility. Most foliar sprays especially the Vermiwash have several components similar to plant growth promoter substances. Studies in our laboratory have revealed the presence of substances which invariably are associated with plant growth. Personal observations and research have indicated that not just addition of organic inputs but the presence of soil biota led by the endemic earthworms in the soil, in fact, enhances the produce in its quantity and quality.