This study assessed slum growth and its impact on climatic elements in Kuje urban area of in Nigeria. Multi-criteria and quantitative research design were adopted in this study. Moderate satellite images of the study area were obtained from Google Earth Pro for period of 2002 and 2012, and high-resolution satellite image was acquired from SAS Planet for the period of 2022. Earth surface temperature, relative humidity and surface soil moisture data for the different land uses/land covers were obtained from National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and NASA Climatic for 20 years (2002 to 2022). This study adopted the supervised classification method that uses the spectral signatures obtained from training samples to classify an image. With the aid of ground truth, a signature file was created by training samples cells, which was used for the multivariate classification tools to classify the image. The climatic data were subjected to time series analysis, coefficient of determination (R2) was carried from the trend line equations. OneWay Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Test was used to test variation of climatic elements from the land uses/land cover overs the study period in Kuje urban slum. Between the years 2002 to 2012, there was an increase in agricultural land use with 17.74 hectares, bare surface increased with 147.89 hectares, urban slum area increased with 115.67 hectares, vegetation had decrease of -282.196 hectares. Between 2012-2022 there was a loss in agricultural land use area with -107.84 hectares, bare surface declined with -154.81 hectares, vegetation land cover declined with -8.28 hectares and there was an increase in urban slum area with 271.82 hectares. Between 2012-2022 agricultural land use, bare surfaces and vegetal land cover were loss to urban slums. Bare surface and built up area had the highest temperature values compared to that from vegetal cover and agricultural land uses. Relative humidity is higher on vegetal covered areas and agricultural land used areas and slum growth negatively affects relative humidity in the Kuje slum area. There is less difference in the mean values of surface soil moisture over the land uses/land covers but the soil moisture is higher in vegetated area and agricultural land use area but lower at built up slum areas and bare surfaces with a significance rise over study period of 2002 to 2022. ANOVA result shows that earth’s surface temperature is not significantly different across the four land uses, with an F-value of 0.689 and a p-value of 0.562. The F-value for surface soil moisture is 2.173 and the p-value is 0.098, indicating that there is only a little variation in the amount of surface soil moisture among the four land cover/land uses. It was observed that the relative humidity across the four land covers/land uses has F-value of 0.080 and p-value of 0.971, showing that there is no discernible difference. It was recommended that slum need to be incorporated into Kuje urban area planning through gentrification of buildings since demolition is not an options due to large concentration of indigenous people within the slum.