Advancements in remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have significantly enhanced the capabilities for sustainable groundwater monitoring. This paper researches recent developments, focusing on applications, challenges, and future directions. Key applications include groundwater level monitoring through satellite gravimetry, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), Laser Altimetry (LIDAR), water quality assessment via remote sensing spectroscopy, aquifer characterization using electromagnetic surveys, and recharge and discharge estimation supported by remote sensing data and GIS modeling. Despite these advancements, challenges such as data quality and resolution, integration of diverse data sources, technical and financial barriers, and environmental variability persist. Future directions emphasize enhanced spatial and temporal resolution, the integration of Machine Learning (ML), open data initiatives, advanced sensor technologies, and the incorporation of sustainable practices and policies. These advancements promise to further revolutionize groundwater monitoring, enabling more effective and sustainable water resource management.