PM2.5 is still an environmental issue of global concern, closely related to human health. PM2.5 carries a large number of chemical substances, bacteria, viruses, etc., which can enter human lungs with respiration, and even enter alveoli and blood, causing oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction and DNA damage in the human body. In addition to harming the respiratory system, digestive system and cardiovascular system, PM2.5 can also adversely affect human reproduction and normal development. It has been confirmed that exposure to PM2.5 can reduce the concentration and activity of male sperm, thereby interfering with sperm-egg binding. PM2.5 exposure to women during pregnancy can increase the incidence of high blood pressure, cause significant changes in germ cells, and increase the probability of premature birth, low birth weight and birth defects in the fetus. Furthermore, there may also be negative influences during the later development, such as obesity, asthma, frail and poor brain development. This review aims to explore the impact of PM2.5 on human reproduction, the health of pregnant women and fetuses, and the development of offspring, to provide some help for the health protection of PM2.5 and the prevention of related diseases.