This article explores how various countries structure their incarceration systems, focusing on their balance between punishment and rehabilitation. Drawing on examples from Norway, the Netherlands, Japan, and Spain, it evaluates different models through the lens of human dignity, public safety, and reintegration. The paper also addresses the systemic challenges in the U.S. prison system and considers what lessons can be adapted globally. By comparing philosophies and practices, this article underscores the importance of designing justice systems that foster transformation of character rather than perpetuate cycles of incarceration.