Erectile dysfunction [ED] is a prevalent clinical condition significantly impacting the well-being and quality of life of males. Prior research has detected anomalies in the structural and functional networks of various brain regions, particularly within the limbic system, including the amygdala, in ED patients. As neuroscience progresses, the pivotal role of neural circuits in the pathogenesis of ED is becoming increasingly clear. Specifically, Kisspeptin neurons in the amygdala can regulate the neuroendocrine of HPG axis by activating GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus, thus affecting erectile function. Recent studies have also highlighted the BNST-POA neural circuit as a key regulator of male sexual behavior and the initiation of sexual function. This review synthesizes the latest insights into brain regions and neural circuits associated with ED, aiming to provide foundational knowledge for understanding the central mechanisms driving ED pathogenesis and to identify potential novel therapeutic targets.