Introduction: Anemia resulting from chronic inflammation and opportunistic infections associated with HIV resembles other chronic inflammatory conditions, increasing the risk of anemia by up to 50%. This study aims to characterize hospitalized patients in the Internal Medicine service with anemia and HIV infection during the year 2023. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on patients hospitalized within the comprehensive subnetwork of the Centro Oriente Health Service in Bogotá, Colombia. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were analyzed using measures of central tendency and percentages. Results: A total of 268 hospitalized patients were identified during the study period, with a prevalence of 52.8% of HIV patients presenting with anemia. The mean age of the cohort was 41.9 years, with an average age of HIV diagnosis at 35.3 years. Among patients with CD4 counts <200 cells/ml, the prevalence of mild anemia was 75%, moderate anemia 58.6%, and severe anemia 5.6%. Tuberculosis was the most frequently associated opportunistic disease, observed in 32.3% of cases. Functional iron deficiency was identified as the primary cause of anemia in 56.8% of patients. Conclusions: More than 50% of hospitalized HIV patients were found to have anemia, which was attributed not only to HIV-related inflammation and opportunistic infections but also to functional iron deficiency. Comprehensive assessment of the ferrokinetic profile is, therefore, essential. Patients with anemia exhibited higher plasma viral loads and lymphopenia compared to those without anemia