Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory and nonscarring hair loss, mediated by CD8+T cells, mainly affecting hair follicles. JAK inhibitors can selectively inhibit JAK, block the STAT signaling pathway, and often interfere with T cellmediated inflammatory cytokine pathways. They are a class of targeted anti-inflammatory drugs that can promote the activation of hair follicle stem cells. Related studies have shown that JAK inhibitors have generally good efficacy and safety in the treatment of alopecia areata, with fewer serious side effects. This article reviews the mechanism of action of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of alopecia areata, as well as the progress and side effects of representative drugs.