Current Perspectives on Neck Masses: A Review of Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Approach - Abstract
Neck masses present a diagnostic challenge due to their diverse etiologies, including inflammatory, neoplastic, congenital, and infectious causes. They are common, with a prevalence estimated at 14.1% in the general population, and can indicate serious underlying pathology, including malignancies such as lymphoma, thyroid cancer, and metastatic disease. Early detection and management are crucial to ensure optimal patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of neck masses, including their prevalence, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management strategies. Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play a crucial role in the evaluation of neck masses, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Biopsy techniques, including fine-needle aspiration (FNA), are often performed to obtain tissue for histopathological examination, guiding further management decisions. Recent advances in imaging technologies, such as CT and MRI, have significantly impacted the diagnosis and management of neck masses. These modalities offer improved resolution and better characterization of lesions, aiding in more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Advancements in molecular and
genetic studies have provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of neck masses, leading to the identification of specific biomarkers and genetic mutations associated with different types of neck masses. Minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as endoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery, have revolutionized the management of neck masses, offering patients less invasive treatment options with reduced morbidity and faster recovery times.Future research directions include further refining diagnostic techniques, identifying novel biomarkers, and developing targeted therapies for specific subtypes of neck masses. Collaboration among researchers and clinicians is essential for translating these advancements into clinical practice, ultimately improving the care and quality of life for patients with neck masses