Introduction: Over the past decade, the importance of sleep for physical and mental health has become increasingly recognized. Medical students face unique challenges and are prone to psychological disorders and the use of sleeping pills. This study examined the relationship among mental health, academic burnout levels, sleeping pill use, and related factors in medical interns at Tehran medical training hospitals in 2022. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study of 128 medical interns at Bu Ali and Amir al Momenin Hospitals in Tehran. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and a demographic questionnaire. Results: A total of 36.7% of interns reported using sleeping pills. Sedative use was significantly associated with greater social media use and a family history of sedative use. Academic burnout correlated with life satisfaction and sleep duration. GHQ-28 scores showed that age, weight, and height were significantly associated with anxiety and insomnia subscale scores. Conclusion: Sedative use and academic burnout are closely linked and related to modern lifestyle factors such as social media use and life satisfaction. These findings underscore the need to address mental health and sleep hygiene among medical trainees.