Retrospective Study Sheep Pox and Goat Pox Disease Outbreaks and Vaccine Distribution in North Showa Zone, Amhara Region, Central Ethiopia - Abstract
Sheep and goat pox has highly contagious viral infection of sheep and goats caused by the genus Capripox virus. The disease was characterized fever, developing papules, and necrotic lesions in skin and nodular lesions in internal organs. In Ethiopia, there are seroprevalence epidemiological studies on the disease. However, the spatiotemporal clustering of sheep and goat pox incidence has not been investigated. A retrospective study design using the outbreak reported data North Showa Livestock Office from the years 2009 to 2015 was performed to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of sheep and goat pox outbreaks. A total of 95 sheep and goat pox disease outbreaks were reported in all North Showa Woredas. In this study, sheep and goat pox disease outbreaks was reported in all administrative Woredas of North Showa Zone (n=24). General, the highest number of outbreaks was reported in July (n=17) and August (n=16), followed November (n=13) and September (n=10). Whereas, the lowest in June (n=3), April (n=3) and February (n=3) The incidence of sheep and goat pox outbreaks in 2014 (>100%), whereas the lowest incidence rate recorded in 2015 (15%), followed by 2013 (16%) and 2013(18%), so that the differed between years was lowest in hot dry years and highest in warm and cold moist year. There is a significant difference in the occurrence of sheep and goat pox disease outbreaks between months and years. Therefore, routing surveillance and control strategic method of sheep and goat pox disease should be implementing in all Weredas. At dry cold and rainy season immune status of animal low, so it should be applied appropriate feeding and housing system. Should be improving the disease outbreaks by functional regular monitoring and evaluation. Improving the distribution and vaccination rate of vaccine based on the schedule of the disease occurrences.