Review on Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus: Newly Emerging Mastitis Causing Pathogens in Ethiopia - Abstract
Abstract Mastitis is the most frequent and common disease of dairy cattle. Losses due to mastitis can be attributed to both subclinical and clinical disease. The aim of this seminar paper is mainly to review on newly emerging mastitis causing pathogens; CNS. Subclinical mastitis is considered the most economically important type of mastitis because of long term effects of chronic infections. CNS is the main causative agents of subclinical mastitis and they are Gram-positive cocci that inhabit both the outside and inside of infected udders. Often, they are called “opportunistic flora of the skin”, because they can be isolated from the skin of the teat, the teat canal, vagina, and the coat and nostrils. The most common species of CNS are isolated from cases of bovine mastitis are staphylococcus chromogenes, staphylococcus epidermitis, staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus simulans. The highest prevalence of intramammary infections with CNS was reported in Finland and its substantial economic loss has been reported by several authors in different parts of Ethiopian country. But in some parts of Ethiopia, the disease is insufficiently investigated and information relating to its magnitude, distribution and risk factors is scant. The virulence factors in coagulasenegative staphylococci are not as clearly established as they are in Staph. aureus. Microbiological testing is the most important test for the diagnosis of mastitis control programmes and National policies and strategies for treatment of mastitis are different from country to country. Based on available reports, mastitis caused by CNS seems to respond well to antimicrobial treatment. Managing Environmental factors has been shown to be effective in controlling infections in the
short term, but have been limited in controlling the disease long term. To prevent CNS mastitis at herd and cow levels, it is important to know the predisposing factors and Treatment of the animals during dry period and keeping the environment clean is recommended.