Review on Helicobacter Species Infections in Domestic Animals and Non-Human Primates and Their Significance for Human Health - Abstract
It was first reported in 1984 that gastric ulcer disease in humans is caused by a bacterial. The causative agent, Helicobacter pylori, has also been associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. This bacterium is very successful in the way that it colonizes the human stomach, since in developing countries, more than 80% of the population is infected with H. pylori, even at young age. In developed countries, the prevalence of H. pylori generally remains under 40% and is considerably lower in children and adolescents than in adults and elderly people. Current information about Helicobacter infections in humans and various domestic, wild, and research animal species that have been used or have the
potential to be used as animal models of human disease is presented. The Helicobacter genus now includes at least 26 formally named species, with additional novel species in the process of being characterized. The natural history, host range with zoonosis potential, pathology, and diagnostic techniques are presented, along with examples of how Helicobacter infection has interfered with unrelated in vivo research. There are various techniques employed to detect H. pylori from specimens. These tests may be invasive or non-invasive. Endoscopy and gastric mucosal biopsy, microscopic examination of histological sections, PCR and rapid urease test are forms of invasive test that could be used. Non-invasive tests such as Urea Breath Test (UBT) make use of the ability of the organism to produce urease; enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), H. pylori stool antigen test, and latex agglutination tests are important non-invasive serological approaches employed to detect the presence of antibody or antigen from a specimen. Current recommendations for deriving and managing helicobacter-free animal colonies for research are provided., although it has become an increasingly treatable disease, there is still continuous ongoing research in the field of treatment for resistance and pharma compliance. Furthermore, in this field, probiotic therapy is considered a valid adjuvant.