Study aim: Cesarean section (CS) rates have been on the rise globally, including in Saudi Arabia. This study examines the use of Robson’s classification system to analyze CS rates, indications, and opportunities for improvement in maternity care. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 784 CS cases in a tertiary hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using Robson’s classification. The study categorizes women based on obstetric characteristics such as parity, gestational age, fetal presentation, and previous CS. Results: The primary indication for cesarean section in our study population was a history of previous cesarean section (63.65%). According to Robson’s classification, Group 5, consisting of multiparous women with at least one previous uterine scar and a single cephalic pregnancy beyond 37 weeks, contributed the most to the overall CS rate (54%). Groups 9 (single pregnancy with transverse or oblique lie, including women with previous scars) and 7 (multiparous women with a single breech, including women with previous scars) were the second and third most common groups (23.10%) and (14.90%) of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: Robson’s classification provides valuable insights into CS indications. Efforts should focus on reducing the CS rate, particularly among nulliparous women. Regular monitoring and evidence-based interventions are recommended to enhance safe childbirth practices in Saudi Arabia.