Background and Objective: Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in adults. This study intends to describe the epidemioclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of atrial fibrillation in the cardiology department of Kara University Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection conducted in the cardiology department of Kara University Hospital from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2023. The study sample (89 files) consisted of all records of patients treated for atrial fibrillation in the department during the study period. Results: The hospital prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 10.9%. The patients mean age was 65.1 years, with parity between the sexes (sex ratio 0.98). The high blood pressure was the most frequent risk factor in 52.6% of patients. Dyspnea was the main reason for consultation in 68% of cases. The left ventricular hypertrophy was the most common ECG abnormality in 20.6% of cases. Echocardiographic abnormalities were dominated by dilatation of the left atrium (69.1%). Aetiological factors were dominated by hypertensive heart disease, which was found in 47.3% of cases. Treatment was essentially based on the use of anticoagulants and antiarrhythmics (beta blockers and digoxin) to control heart rate. The course was marked by the occurrence of complications (heart failure in 45.4% and thromboembolic complications in 13.4%) and death in 6.2%. Conclusion: The hospital wide extension of atrial fibrillation was 10.9% in our department. Hypertensive heart disease was the most frequent aetiological factor, and complications were dominated by heart failure and thromboembolic complications. Prevention is therefore important and involves management of the aetiological factors, in particular hypertension