Knowledge and Readiness to Uptake Prenatal Genetic Screening among Antenatal Clinic Attendees Pre and Post Intervention in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: A Pilot Study - Abstract
Background: Prenatal Genetic Screening (PGS) refers to multiple procedures to identify congenital and genetic abnormalities prior to birth. Prenatal
genetic screening is offered to all patients early in pregnancy in developed countries, but it has yet to be incorporated into government hospitals in Nigeria. It
is therefore imperative to assess pregnant women’s knowledge and their readiness to uptake PGS in Nigeria.
Methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pre and post intervention was adopted Random-sampling method was used to select 35 pregnant women
attending antenatal clinic in Lagos University Teaching Hospital. A structured questionnaire was utilised to collect information before and after a midwife led
educational intervention. Data collected was managed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25 software. Descriptive statistics was used
to analyse and present variables. Mann Whitney U was used to test associations between variables because the data does not have normal distribution p =
0. 05.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.23 ± 4.99 years. Most of the participants were Christian 27 (77%), a higher percentage 16 (45.7%)
of them were primigravida and only 2 (5.7%) reported ever having a child with congenital malformation/birth defect. The majority of participants (97.1%)
were unaware of the different methods of PGS except for ultrasound, which was, the main method identified. The majority of the participants (62.9%) strongly
agreed that PGS is valuable for all pregnant women and that it should be included as part of health education during antenatal clinic at post-intervention. The
study revealed a significant difference in the median knowledge score of the participants at pre and post intervention (p value = 0.016) the median knowledge
score at pre-intervention was 27 (IQR 24 – 31) while the median score at post intervention was 29 (IQR 27 -31). There was no significant difference in the
median perception score of the participants at pre and post intervention stage (p-value = 0.293). In addition, the study revealed a significant difference in the
proportion of participants who are ready to uptake PGS at pre intervention (17.1%) and post intervention stage (40%) (P-value = 0.039).
Conclusion: The result indicates that midwife-led educational intervention improved pregnant women’s knowledge of PGS and promote their readiness
for uptake. Although perception score after intervention showed a slight improvement, it was not statistically significant.
Recommendation: Health care providers need to provide necessary information to pregnant women on the benefits of PGS and its implication to the
health of their foetus. The readiness of pregnant women will inform stakeholders on the need to formulate policy that can guide provision of PGS services in
Nigeria.