A Novel GATA3 Exon 2 Deletion in a Pediatric Patient with Hypoparathyroidism: Expanding the Genotypic Spectrum of Barakat Syndrome - Abstract
Objective: Barakat syndrome, also known as HDR syndrome, is a rare disorder caused by pathogenic variants in GATA3 characterized by hypoparathyroidism,
sensorineural deafness, and renal anomalies. This case highlights a previously unreported GATA3 variant in a pediatric patient and underscores the diagnostic
value of repeat genetic testing when clinical suspicion remains high.
Case Presentation: An 11-year-old African American male presented with seizures due to severe hypocalcemia from hypoparathyroidism. Initial genetic
testing was non-diagnostic. The patient was treated with calcium and calcitriol and discharged with outpatient endocrine follow-up. After a two-year lapse in
care, he re-presented with recurrent hypocalcemia. Repeat testing using an expanded next-generation sequencing panel identified a novel pathogenic deletion
encompassing exon 2 of the GATA3 gene, consistent with Barakat syndrome. Subsequent workup revealed mild bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and a simple
renal cyst but normal renal function. The patient was re-established with endocrinology, nephrology, and audiology for long-term multidisciplinary management.
Conclusion: This case adds to the expanding genotypic spectrum of GATA3-related HDR syndrome and illustrates the importance of updated genetic
testing in cases with a suggestive clinical phenotype but initially negative results. Timely diagnosis facilitated targeted subspecialty care and avoided
unnecessary investigations, emphasizing the need for ongoing evaluation in evolving genetic landscapes.