Childhood burns remain a major global health problem with disproportionate impact in low- and middle-income settings. Distinct pediatric anatomy and physiology (thinner dermis, higher body-surface-area–to–mass ratio, and immature thermoregulation) amplify risks of deeper injuries, hypovolemia, hypothermia, and infection. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on epidemiology and etiologies, pathophysiology, clinical assessment, acute management, surgical/advanced interventions, rehabilitation, and prevention. Scalds predominate in children under five, with boys affected slightly more than girls; inhalation injury, delayed presentation, and limited burn-care resources drive morbidity and mortality. Accurate depth and total body surface area estimation, early airway protection when needed, and judicious, physiology-tailored fluid resuscitation are cornerstones of acute care. Multimodal analgesia, infection prevention, early enteral nutrition, and temperature control are essential supportive measures. Early excision and grafting, bioengineered skin substitutes, and negative-pressure wound therapy can accelerate closure and improve outcomes, while long-term rehabilitation (physiotherapy, scar modulation) and psychological support address functional and psychosocial sequelae. Sustained reductions in pediatric burn burden require comprehensive, context-specific prevention strategies—home safety, caregiver education, school/community programs, and policy-level interventions—integrated into child health systems.