Objective: Currently, surgery is the most effective method for treating vitiligo. It involves transplanting epidermal-derived melanocytes to treat vitiligo, but it requires skin harvesting, abrasion, and grafting, resulting in significant damage, pain, and color differences, which causes patients to reject this type of surgery. Therefore, exploring the ectopic transplantation of autologous tissue (hair follicle outer root sheath) melanocyte stem cells for the treatment of vitiligo is of great clinical significance. Methods: For a long time, many scholars have mistakenly believed that transplanting single hair follicles transfers the melanocyte stem cells from within the hair follicles to the epidermis in the treatment of vitiligo. Results: Transplantation of single hair follicles for treating vitiligo only achieves spot repigmentation and cannot cure vitiligo at all. Conclusion: This study not only confirms that the transplantation of single hair follicles for treating vitiligo indeed involves the transfer of melanocytes from the scalp of the hair follicles, but also successfully achieves ectopic transplantation of melanocyte stem cells from autologous tissue (hair follicle outer root sheath), marking a significant breakthrough in the efficacy of vitiligo treatment.