Balance Training in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Narrative Review - Abstract
Abstract
Diabetes has a very high prevalence and a third of the diabetic population is
affected with neuropathy. Moreover, one third of the patients with diabetic peripheral
neuropathy (DPN) present with some kind of balance and gait disturbances. The
incidence of developing diabetic peripheral neuropathy increases with the chronicity
of the disease and poor glycemic control. Around 30% of people with DPN experience
muscle weakness, loss of ankle reflexes, and decreased balance, coordination and gait
control, thereby, limiting walking and increasing the risk of fall-related injuries. For
the present article, a literature search was performed using Google Scholar, Pubmed
and Cochrane data bases using the keywords. Articles were searched and reviewed
using the narrative approach. This review aims to discuss the pathogenesis and factors
associated with DPN, concept of balance and postural control, balance and gait
impairment in DPN and exercises used to improve balance and gait parameters. In
conclusion, the synthesis of the reviewed studies suggests that balance exercises are
feasible and safe, and have the potential to improve balance and gait, consequently,
reducing the risk of falls and fall-related injuries. Therefore, balance exercises should
be used as a supportive therapy in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients.