MicroRNAs in Multiple Myeloma: A Glance into their Potential as an Anticancer Treatment Option - Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant B neoplasm that can be characterized as a plasma cell dyscrasia in the bone marrow. Though there has been a significant improvement in the prognosis of the disease in the past decade, it is still incurable, as most patients relapse or become refractory to standard treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, singlestranded, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that play a vital role in the post- ranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Over the past decade, miRNAs have been investigated to see the potential impacts on hematological malignancies such as MM. Since their discovery in 1993, a significant volume of work has been done to figure out the Role of miRNAs in controlling MM. MicroRNAs can upregulate or downregulate the expression of a gene, and their Dysregulation is associated with clinical disease. They play a significant role in cellular signaling and various biological processes like cellular proliferation, aging, maturation, and apoptosis. They are critical to the normal functioning and development of the human body. This review will provide insight into the roles that miRNAs play in general cancer cell biology with a particular focus on MM, its clinical course, and management and highlight potential treatment options for using miRNA for the treatment of MM. Tumor suppressor microRNAs (TS miRNAs) and oncogenic microRNAs (Onco miRNAs) and their significance in the development and treatment of MM are also discussed. The use of miRNA in distinguishing MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance) from MM is also discussed, and a possibility to prevent the progression of MGUS to MM is highlighted in this review.