Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent cause of anemia worldwide. Studies conducted in Riyadh and Tabuk have revealed a significant lack of understanding regarding IDA and its prevention. Consequently, there is a pressing need to enhance awareness among the adult population to mitigate IDA risk factors and promote better knowledge of the condition. This study aims to assess the level of IDA awareness among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population in Makkah City between 2023 and 2024. Participants completed a well-structured, Arabic-based questionnaire. A total of 1,395 participants were included, with (72.30%) being female. The majority of respondents (58.30%) were within the 18-25 age group. Regarding marital status, (60.10%) of participants were single. Educational levels varied, with (63.40%) holding a bachelor's degree. Most participants (88.40%) were Saudi nationals, and (50.80%) identified as students. Concerning knowledge levels about iron deficiency anemia, (84.50%) of the participants demonstrated poor knowledge. Boosting educational efforts is vital for increasing IDA awareness and reducing its incidence.