Bronchiolitis Obliterans Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), characterized by progressive and irreversible respiratory failure, is one of rare complications associated with graft-versus-hostdisease (GvHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. We reported here a 15-year-old male patient who was first diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and subsequently underwent matched related HSC transplantation. Five months post-transplant, he developed persistent cough, hypoxemia and worsening dyspenia complicated by grade I GVHD with skin stage II. His multidetector—row computed tomography scan was highly suggestive of OB. Considerable clinical improvement were once achieved with the augmented immunosuppressive agents including corticosteroids and methotrexate, however, he eventually died of heart failure followed by chronic pulmonary heart disease 9 months post-transplant. The possible risk factors and the management of OB in this case are discussed.