Neurotoxicity is a major health concern due to the various mechanisms and severity of neurological damage caused by heavy metals such as cadmium. Launaea taraxacifolia has been demonstrated to be a powerful antioxidant to scavenge ROS and protect cells from oxidative damage. This study examined the effects of Launaea taraxacifolia aqueous extract (LTAE) in cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in wistar rats. A total of 32 wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 per group). Group I received distilled water orally for 21 days, Group II was administered 5 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of cadmium orally for 21 days, Group III received 400 mg/kg bwt of LTAE orally for 21 days, and Group IV was treated with 5 mg/kg bwt of cadmium followed by 400 mg/kg bwt of LTAE for 21 days. Cadmium exposure resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in body weight, increased MDA and decreased GSH levels, and caused alterations in the neuronal cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. However, co-administration of LTAE with cadmium mitigated these toxic effects by reversing body weight loss, MDA and GSH levels, and restoring the microanatomy of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These findings suggest that LTAE has a protective effect against cadmium-induced neurotoxicity and may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for mitigating the neurological consequences of cadmium exposure.