Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming more common, which encourages biomedical scientists to research these illnesses. To tackle neurodegenerative disorders, new therapeutic techniques must be created to overcome the shortcomings of current therapeutic alternatives. Methodology: This narrative review delves into the new approach to treating neurodegenerative diseases. A search of the English literature was conducted using the terms “gene therapy” together with “stem cell therapy,” “optogenetics,” “neurodegenerative diseases,” “novel approach,” and “treatment,” either independently or in combination, using PubMed, Scopus, and Research Gate. Result: Conventional treatments for neurodegenerative disorders include pharmacotherapy, physical and occupational therapy, speech and swallowing therapy, and supportive care, but have limitations in cure, adverse effects, and long-term benefits. Advances in biomedical research are anticipated to positively impact neurological research, particularly in developing precise and novel therapy techniques, Contemporary approaches to neurodegenerative disease treatment have become more and more common in the domains of medicine and pharmacology in recent times. They comprise a number of state-of the-art techniques, including RNA based therapy, optogenetics, gene therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell therapy, and non-invasive brain stimulation Conclusion: The aging population is increasing neurodegenerative illnesses, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies like RNA based therapy, optogenetics, gene therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell therapy, and non-invasive brain stimulation. These personalized medicine approaches can improve understanding and identify affordable disease-modifying therapies for the healthcare system.