A Structured Multidisciplinary Protocol for Swallow Assessment: Integrating a Comprehensive FEES Checklist - Abstract
Background: Dysphagia is a prevalent and high-risk condition in hospitalized patients, with inconsistent assessment practices contributing to adverse
outcomes like aspiration pneumonia. While Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) is a gold-standard diagnostic tool, its effectiveness relies on
systematic execution and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Objective: To develop and implement a standardized, three-phase protocol for dysphagia assessment, centered around a comprehensive FEES checklist,
to improve diagnostic consistency and patient management.
Methods: We hereby present the structured protocol and Swallow assessment pathway we have constructed and have been following for the past 2 years
at the Lebanese American University Medical Center consisting of: 1) an initial bedside screening and ENT triage phase, and 2) a collaborative multidisciplinary
FEES examination performed jointly by an ENT physician and a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP), guided by a detailed checklist. This tool, adapted and
further elaborated from the Langmore swallow procedure, standardizes the entire process from patient history and pre-swallow baseline assessment to
systematic feeding trials and final recommendations. 3) A collaborative management plan between the SLP, ENT physician, Nutritionist, Radiologist and Intensive
Care Unit (ICU) / Ward Physicians and Nursing teams.
Results: The Dysphagia Management Protocol checklist ensures a comprehensive evaluation by structuring the documentation of key physiological
events, stratifying severity via a 7-point Swallowing Performance Scale, and generating evidence-based recommendations for diet and therapy. The protocol
emphasizes the critical need for multidisciplinary collaboration, closing the communication loop with intensivists, neurologists, nutritionists, and radiologists to
contextualize findings and guide management.
Conclusion: This protocol provides a practical, scalable framework that minimizes clinical variability and enhances patient safety. It serves as an effective
foundation for quality improvement initiatives, ensuring a consistent, high-standard approach to dysphagia care through structured collaboration and systematic
assessment.