Objective: This study aimed to characterize the oropharyngeal microbial profiles of children with Adenoid Hypertrophy (AH) and assess changes following adenoidectomy. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 23 children who underwent adenoidectomy, both preoperatively and postoperatively. The samples were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the microbial composition. OTU abundance was normalized and used to assess microbial richness, diversity, and intergroup variability in microbiome structure. Results: Preoperatively, the dominant bacterial genera included Streptococcus, Neisseria, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Actinomyces, and Gemella. Postoperatively, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Prevotella remained prominent, with increased Leptotrichia and decreased Actinomyces. Significant differences in microbiome richness and diversity were demonstrated between preoperative and postoperative samples. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the microbial diversity of the oropharyngeal microbiome in children with AH and evaluated the impact of adenoidectomy on this microbiome. Our findings contribute to understanding the relationship between alterations in the oropharyngeal microbiome and common clinical interventions for AH.