Introduction: Ensuring access to various nutrient-dense foods from different food groups is crucial for optimal growth, development, and resilience against health issues. Inadequate dietary diversity increases the risk of nutrient deficiencies, physical development, and other health problems. Objective: The study aims to identify the factors influencing children’s dietary diversity in the Enset-based farming systems of the Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: Data was collected from 620 mother-child pairs using a survey questionnaire. The study employed a cross-sectional design to gather information on various factors related to maternal education, household size, birth interval, enset dominance, and asset index. SPSS version 26 was utilized for data analysis.Results: The educational status of the mothers was found to be a significant factor, with higher education levels associated with increased dietary diversity (OR = 1.22 (1.03, 1.44)). Another influential factor was the total household size, where larger household sizes were associated with reduced dietary diversity (OR = 0.89 (0.80, 0.98)). Furthermore, the birth interval was identified as a significant factor, indicating that longer intervals between births were positively associated with higher dietary diversity scores for children (OR = 1.80 (1.30, 2.50)). The dominance of enset, a locally grown food staple, negatively influenced dietary diversity (OR = 0.40 (0.27, 0.60)). Lastly, the asset index, which reflects household wealth, positively impacts dietary diversity (OR = 1.24 (1.06, 1.45)). Conclusion: The study concludes that maternal education, household size, birth interval, enset dominance, and household wealth (as measured by the asset index) play crucial roles in determining the dietary diversity of under-five children in the Enset-based farming systems of the Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. The findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions to improve these factors to enhance the nutritional status of children in the region.