Loading

An Overview of the Impact of Health Promotion on Changing Individuals and Community Behavior

Mini Review | Open Access Volume 9 | Issue 2 |

  • 1. Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, UAE
+ Show More - Show Less
Corresponding Authors
Aysha Ibrahim Al Dhaheri, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Abstract

Human behavior plays a key role in the maintenance of human health, and wellbeing. This review highlighted the influences of health promotion on changing individuals and community behaviors. Furthermore, it explored the importance of tackling both individuals and community behaviors in health promotion interventions, especially in emergencies such as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Keywords

Health promotion, Individuals, Community, Behaviour

CURRENT OPINION OF HEALTH PROMOTION

Health promotion is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health” [1]. Health promotion moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions [1]. Researchers reported two main effects of interventions, first one, through a direct effect on people initially targeted by the intervention (individuals), and second one, an indirect effect mediated by social influence and by the observation of other people’s behavior (the community) [2]. As unhealthy behavior is responsible for poor human health, therefore, the common goal of public health is to encourage behavior change, through proposing suitable health promotions programs to promote healthy behaviors [3]. Health promotion enhance people to increase control over their diseases, be productive, and safe their resources [4-6]. A plethora of studies documented the strong relationship between health promotion and positive health outcomes [4-9]. Human behavior plays a key role in the maintenance of human health, and wellbeing [10]. To have a positive health outcomes, health promotion interventions such as healthy lifestyles, physical activity and nutrition should take into account both individuals and community behaviors as both of them are closely interrelated. This interrelation was documented by many researchers [10,11]. Therefore, logic follows that, studying both of them together and not merely separately could propose interventions aiming to have effective health promotion interventions.

To enhance the efficacy of health promotion interventions aiming to have better health outcomes at both individuals and the community levels, many actions are needed such as redesigning the role of professionals and people [12]. In order to adopt a healthy behavior, three phases of changes are needed awareness, motivation, and action; this was explained well by Cheung, et al, by taking nonsmoking via smoking cessation as an example [13].

Although health promotional interventions are cost effective in improving health and wellbeing of nations [4-9], they are not without challenges [14,15]. Thus, researchers proposed many suggestions to overcome such challenges including:

- Application of a comprehensive strategy targeting behavior change and health promotion that can play a role in overcoming through well planning, coordination, and community involvement [14]
- Working together (community and individual) to enable behavior change towards a common shared goal such as climate changes [15]
- Building capacity of health promotion to focus on vulnerable and marginal members of the community [16].
- Maintaining the sustainability of health promotion interventions by involving of multi-stakeholder such as agencies, organizations, and employees [17]. Despite of relative success in achieving behavior change in the short term, it can be difficult to sustain such success in long term [3]. Therefore, to ensure sustainability of health promotion programs at early stages of planning, developing and implementing certain factors need to be considered including organizational capacity, partnerships, strategic planning, funding, program evaluation and capacity building [18].

Behavioral changes were more prominent during infectious diseases, especially in emergencies such as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) [19-21]. For example, in Singapore, Long and Liu reported 97% of the participants suffered at least one behavioral change on account of the pandemic [19].

It is worth mentioning that, such integration between individuals and community health promotion was so fruitful in promoting mental health during COVID-19 pandemic [19,20,22].

In the past and present, it is clear health promotion has been contributing to maintain health and wellbeing of nations. To have positive health outcomes and with low cost, health promotion needs to be included in future policies. Researchers predicted health promotion to play a key role in helping people achieve the highest levels of wellness [23]. In future, maximizing usefulness of digital health promotion and prevention such as mobile appbased health promotion programs for the general population including schools, sport clubs, and healthcare facilities is recommended, especially in developing [24,25].

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, health promotion plays a positive role (the maintenance of human health, and wellbeing) in changing individuals and community behaviors in the past, present and future.

REFERENCES

1. World Health Organization. Health Promotion.
2. Robin Schimmelpfennig, Sonja Vogt, Sönke Ehret, Charles Efferson. Promotion of behavioural change for health in a heterogeneous population. Bull World Health Organ. 2021; 99: 819–27.
3. Bouton ME. Why behavior change is difficult to sustain. Prev Med. 2014; 68: 29–36.
4. Sanjiv Kumar, Gs Preetha. Health Promotion: An Effective Tool for Global Health. Indian J Community Med. 2012; 37: 5–12.
5. Smith HJ, Portela AG, Marston C. Improving implementation of health promotion interventions for maternal and newborn health. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017; 17: 280.
6. Salman A, Tolma E, Chun S, Sigodo KO, Al-hunayan A. Health Promotion Programs to Reduce Noncommunicable Diseases: A Call for Action in Kuwait. Healthcare (Basel). 2020; 8: 251
7. Aung MN, Yuasa M, Koyanagi Y, Nyein T, Aung N, Moolphate S, et al. Sustainable health promotion for the seniors during COVID-19 outbreak: a lesson from Tokyo. J Infect Dev Coutries. 2020; 14: 328–31.
8. Salama B. The importance of health promotion in the prevention of COVID-19. Ann Clin Anal Med. 2020; 11: S309-314.
9. Simkhada P, Mahato P, Tamang P, Teijlingen E, Shahi P. The Role of Health Promotion during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Heal Promot. 2020; 8: 1–4.

10. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Health and Behavior: Research, Practice, and Policy. Health and Behavior: The Interplay of Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Influences. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001.

11. Morrison D, Lawrence C, Oehmen R. Community level influence on individual behaviours. 2014.
12. FRANCESCA PENNUCCI , SABINA DE ROSIS , ANNA MARIA MURANTE and SABINA NUTI. Behavioural and social sciences to enhance the efficacy of health promotion interventions: redesigning the role of professionals and people. Behav. Public Policy. 2022; 6:13–33.
13. Cheung K, Hors-Fraile S, Vries H. How to use the integrated-change model to design digital health programs. Mobile and Wearable Devices for Participatory Health Applications. Elsevier; 2021. 143–57.
14. Laverack G. The challenge of behaviour change and health promotion. Challenges. 2017; 8: 10–3.
15. Fogg Rogers L. Society vs the individual: How can we work together to enable behaviour change?. Presented at Community Psychology Festival. Bristol, UK. 2017.
16. Anugwom EE . Health Promotion and Its Challenges to Public Health Delivery System in Africa. In: Anugwom E E, Awofeso N, editors. Public Health in Developing Countries - Challenges and Opportunities. London: IntechOpen; 2020.
17. Raphael D. The social determinants of health: what are the three key roles for health promotion? Heal Promot J Aust. 2006; 17: 167–70.
18. Bodkin A, Hakimi S. Sustainable by design: a systematic review of factors for health promotion program sustainability. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20: 964.
19. Long VJE, Liu JCJ. Behavioural changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a nationwide survey in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2021; 50: 222–31.
20. Nadira A, Ruzlin M, Chen XW, Yunus RM, Samsudin EZ, Zaliha Ismail. Promoting mental health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a hybrid, innovative approach in Malaysia. Front Public Heal. 2021; 9: 747953.
21. Bharti N. Linking human behaviors and infectious diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021; 118: e2101345118.
22. Gilmore B, Ndejjo R, Tchetchia A, Claro V De, Mago E, Diallo AA, et al. Community engagement for COVID-19 prevention and control: a rapid evidence synthesis. BMJ Glob Heal. 2020; 5: e003188.
23. Dee W Edington, Alyssa B Schultz, Jennifer S Pitts, Angela Camilleri. The Future of Health Promotion in the 21st Century: A Focus on the Working Population. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2015; 10: 242–52.
24. Lee M, Lee H, Kim Y, Kim J, Cho M, Jang J, et al. Mobile App-Based Health Promotion Programs : A Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018; 15: 2838.
25. Stark AL, Geukes C, Dockweiler C. Digital Health Promotion and Prevention in Settings: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res. 2022; 24: e21063.

Al Dhaheri AI (2022) An Overview of the Impact of Health Promotion on Changing Individuals and Community Behavior. Ann Sports Med Res 9(2): 1192.

Received : 03 Oct 2022
Accepted : 31 Oct 2022
Published : 31 Oct 2022
Journals
Annals of Otolaryngology and Rhinology
ISSN : 2379-948X
Launched : 2014
JSM Schizophrenia
Launched : 2016
Journal of Nausea
Launched : 2020
JSM Internal Medicine
Launched : 2016
JSM Hepatitis
Launched : 2016
JSM Oro Facial Surgeries
ISSN : 2578-3211
Launched : 2016
Journal of Human Nutrition and Food Science
ISSN : 2333-6706
Launched : 2013
JSM Regenerative Medicine and Bioengineering
ISSN : 2379-0490
Launched : 2013
JSM Spine
ISSN : 2578-3181
Launched : 2016
Archives of Palliative Care
ISSN : 2573-1165
Launched : 2016
JSM Nutritional Disorders
ISSN : 2578-3203
Launched : 2017
Annals of Neurodegenerative Disorders
ISSN : 2476-2032
Launched : 2016
Journal of Fever
ISSN : 2641-7782
Launched : 2017
JSM Bone Marrow Research
ISSN : 2578-3351
Launched : 2016
JSM Mathematics and Statistics
ISSN : 2578-3173
Launched : 2014
Journal of Autoimmunity and Research
ISSN : 2573-1173
Launched : 2014
JSM Arthritis
ISSN : 2475-9155
Launched : 2016
JSM Head and Neck Cancer-Cases and Reviews
ISSN : 2573-1610
Launched : 2016
JSM General Surgery Cases and Images
ISSN : 2573-1564
Launched : 2016
JSM Anatomy and Physiology
ISSN : 2573-1262
Launched : 2016
JSM Dental Surgery
ISSN : 2573-1548
Launched : 2016
Annals of Emergency Surgery
ISSN : 2573-1017
Launched : 2016
Annals of Mens Health and Wellness
ISSN : 2641-7707
Launched : 2017
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Health Care
ISSN : 2576-0084
Launched : 2018
Journal of Chronic Diseases and Management
ISSN : 2573-1300
Launched : 2016
Annals of Vaccines and Immunization
ISSN : 2378-9379
Launched : 2014
JSM Heart Surgery Cases and Images
ISSN : 2578-3157
Launched : 2016
Annals of Reproductive Medicine and Treatment
ISSN : 2573-1092
Launched : 2016
JSM Brain Science
ISSN : 2573-1289
Launched : 2016
JSM Biomarkers
ISSN : 2578-3815
Launched : 2014
JSM Biology
ISSN : 2475-9392
Launched : 2016
Archives of Stem Cell and Research
ISSN : 2578-3580
Launched : 2014
Annals of Clinical and Medical Microbiology
ISSN : 2578-3629
Launched : 2014
JSM Pediatric Surgery
ISSN : 2578-3149
Launched : 2017
Journal of Memory Disorder and Rehabilitation
ISSN : 2578-319X
Launched : 2016
JSM Tropical Medicine and Research
ISSN : 2578-3165
Launched : 2016
JSM Head and Face Medicine
ISSN : 2578-3793
Launched : 2016
JSM Cardiothoracic Surgery
ISSN : 2573-1297
Launched : 2016
JSM Bone and Joint Diseases
ISSN : 2578-3351
Launched : 2017
JSM Bioavailability and Bioequivalence
ISSN : 2641-7812
Launched : 2017
JSM Atherosclerosis
ISSN : 2573-1270
Launched : 2016
Journal of Genitourinary Disorders
ISSN : 2641-7790
Launched : 2017
Journal of Fractures and Sprains
ISSN : 2578-3831
Launched : 2016
Journal of Autism and Epilepsy
ISSN : 2641-7774
Launched : 2016
Annals of Marine Biology and Research
ISSN : 2573-105X
Launched : 2014
JSM Health Education & Primary Health Care
ISSN : 2578-3777
Launched : 2016
JSM Communication Disorders
ISSN : 2578-3807
Launched : 2016
Annals of Musculoskeletal Disorders
ISSN : 2578-3599
Launched : 2016
Annals of Virology and Research
ISSN : 2573-1122
Launched : 2014
JSM Renal Medicine
ISSN : 2573-1637
Launched : 2016
Journal of Muscle Health
ISSN : 2578-3823
Launched : 2016
JSM Genetics and Genomics
ISSN : 2334-1823
Launched : 2013
JSM Anxiety and Depression
ISSN : 2475-9139
Launched : 2016
Clinical Journal of Heart Diseases
ISSN : 2641-7766
Launched : 2016
Annals of Medicinal Chemistry and Research
ISSN : 2378-9336
Launched : 2014
JSM Pain and Management
ISSN : 2578-3378
Launched : 2016
JSM Women's Health
ISSN : 2578-3696
Launched : 2016
Clinical Research in HIV or AIDS
ISSN : 2374-0094
Launched : 2013
Journal of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity
ISSN : 2333-6692
Launched : 2013
Journal of Substance Abuse and Alcoholism
ISSN : 2373-9363
Launched : 2013
JSM Neurosurgery and Spine
ISSN : 2373-9479
Launched : 2013
Journal of Liver and Clinical Research
ISSN : 2379-0830
Launched : 2014
Journal of Drug Design and Research
ISSN : 2379-089X
Launched : 2014
JSM Clinical Oncology and Research
ISSN : 2373-938X
Launched : 2013
JSM Bioinformatics, Genomics and Proteomics
ISSN : 2576-1102
Launched : 2014
JSM Chemistry
ISSN : 2334-1831
Launched : 2013
Journal of Trauma and Care
ISSN : 2573-1246
Launched : 2014
JSM Surgical Oncology and Research
ISSN : 2578-3688
Launched : 2016
Annals of Food Processing and Preservation
ISSN : 2573-1033
Launched : 2016
Journal of Radiology and Radiation Therapy
ISSN : 2333-7095
Launched : 2013
JSM Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
ISSN : 2578-3572
Launched : 2016
Annals of Clinical Pathology
ISSN : 2373-9282
Launched : 2013
Annals of Cardiovascular Diseases
ISSN : 2641-7731
Launched : 2016
Journal of Behavior
ISSN : 2576-0076
Launched : 2016
Annals of Clinical and Experimental Metabolism
ISSN : 2572-2492
Launched : 2016
Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases
ISSN : 2379-0636
Launched : 2013
JSM Microbiology
ISSN : 2333-6455
Launched : 2013
Journal of Urology and Research
ISSN : 2379-951X
Launched : 2014
Journal of Family Medicine and Community Health
ISSN : 2379-0547
Launched : 2013
Annals of Pregnancy and Care
ISSN : 2578-336X
Launched : 2017
JSM Cell and Developmental Biology
ISSN : 2379-061X
Launched : 2013
Annals of Aquaculture and Research
ISSN : 2379-0881
Launched : 2014
Clinical Research in Pulmonology
ISSN : 2333-6625
Launched : 2013
Journal of Immunology and Clinical Research
ISSN : 2333-6714
Launched : 2013
Annals of Forensic Research and Analysis
ISSN : 2378-9476
Launched : 2014
JSM Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
ISSN : 2333-7109
Launched : 2013
Annals of Breast Cancer Research
ISSN : 2641-7685
Launched : 2016
Annals of Gerontology and Geriatric Research
ISSN : 2378-9409
Launched : 2014
Journal of Sleep Medicine and Disorders
ISSN : 2379-0822
Launched : 2014
JSM Burns and Trauma
ISSN : 2475-9406
Launched : 2016
Chemical Engineering and Process Techniques
ISSN : 2333-6633
Launched : 2013
Annals of Clinical Cytology and Pathology
ISSN : 2475-9430
Launched : 2014
JSM Allergy and Asthma
ISSN : 2573-1254
Launched : 2016
Journal of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
ISSN : 2334-2307
Launched : 2013
Annals of Sports Medicine and Research
ISSN : 2379-0571
Launched : 2014
JSM Sexual Medicine
ISSN : 2578-3718
Launched : 2016
Annals of Vascular Medicine and Research
ISSN : 2378-9344
Launched : 2014
JSM Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering
ISSN : 2333-7117
Launched : 2013
Journal of Hematology and Transfusion
ISSN : 2333-6684
Launched : 2013
JSM Environmental Science and Ecology
ISSN : 2333-7141
Launched : 2013
Journal of Cardiology and Clinical Research
ISSN : 2333-6676
Launched : 2013
JSM Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine
ISSN : 2334-1815
Launched : 2013
Journal of Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders
ISSN : 2475-9473
Launched : 2016
JSM Ophthalmology
ISSN : 2333-6447
Launched : 2013
Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology
ISSN : 2333-7079
Launched : 2013
Annals of Psychiatry and Mental Health
ISSN : 2374-0124
Launched : 2013
Medical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
ISSN : 2333-6439
Launched : 2013
Annals of Pediatrics and Child Health
ISSN : 2373-9312
Launched : 2013
JSM Clinical Pharmaceutics
ISSN : 2379-9498
Launched : 2014
JSM Foot and Ankle
ISSN : 2475-9112
Launched : 2016
JSM Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia
ISSN : 2378-9565
Launched : 2014
Journal of Addiction Medicine and Therapy
ISSN : 2333-665X
Launched : 2013
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research
ISSN : 2378-931X
Launched : 2013
Annals of Public Health and Research
ISSN : 2378-9328
Launched : 2014
Annals of Orthopedics and Rheumatology
ISSN : 2373-9290
Launched : 2013
Journal of Clinical Nephrology and Research
ISSN : 2379-0652
Launched : 2014
Annals of Community Medicine and Practice
ISSN : 2475-9465
Launched : 2014
Annals of Biometrics and Biostatistics
ISSN : 2374-0116
Launched : 2013
JSM Clinical Case Reports
ISSN : 2373-9819
Launched : 2013
Journal of Cancer Biology and Research
ISSN : 2373-9436
Launched : 2013
Journal of Surgery and Transplantation Science
ISSN : 2379-0911
Launched : 2013
Journal of Dermatology and Clinical Research
ISSN : 2373-9371
Launched : 2013
JSM Gastroenterology and Hepatology
ISSN : 2373-9487
Launched : 2013
Annals of Nursing and Practice
ISSN : 2379-9501
Launched : 2014
JSM Dentistry
ISSN : 2333-7133
Launched : 2013
Author Information X