Recent Articles
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December 15, 2023 Research ArticleAbstract A report of early vision return in a patient who had a macular burn after looking at the sun and was prescribed oral steroids. In the ophthalmological examination, the uncorrected visual acuity of both eyes was 10/10, in the fundus examination, a y.....
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October 10, 2023 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: To determine the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of eye injuries following a public road accident. Methodology: This was a retrospective, descriptive study covering the files of patients followed for ocu.....
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October 22, 2023 Review ArticleAbstract The onset of keratoconus often occurs during puberty and further progresses during adulthood. Keratoconus is characterized by a weakening of the cornea caused by a destruction of the collagen framework. Among other factors hormonal imbalances have be.....
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September 04, 2023 Research ArticleAbstract As more and more people choose to get rid of the bondage of glasses through refractive surgery, there is a corresponding increase in concern about the potential impact of the surgery on corneal nerves. Refractive surgery can cause damage to corneal n.....
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July 18, 2023 Research ArticleAbstract Introduction: Chronic blepharitis is a common cause of eye irritation and dryness. They are often treated without regard to causal factors such as parasites which are rarely mentioned. Purpose of Work: The aim of this study is to describe the role of.....
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February 27, 2023 Research ArticleAbstract Aim: To assess the implication of tinted Plano lenses in photophobia management. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among eye care providers in Kenya in which data was collected through online surveys. Three main themes were derived from the.....
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May 15, 2022 Case ReportAbstract Background: A corneal abrasion with pronounced inflammation and erosion after phacoemulsification surgery seems to be a rare event. It causes considerable ocular irritation with a presumably higher risk of postoperative endophthalmitis due to increa.....
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April 07, 2022 Case ReportAbstract Objective: To report a rare case of intracranial hypertension with papilledema and visual field loss in a 14-year-old boy receiving recombinant human growth hormone. Method: Case report. Results: Lumbar puncture revealed an elevated cerebrospinal f.....
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August 13, 2021 Review ArticleAbstract In old age quality of life further deteoriate because of macular degeneration (AMD). Bothe the types dry or wet creates vision problems however dry type is not as bad as wet. The earlier management methods for AMD were combersome, the advanced method.....
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February 22, 2021 Case ReportAbstract Orbital cavernous venous malformation -previously called hemangioma-, is a common adult orbital space occupying lesion. Large symptomatic lesions may warrant surgical removal. Intraoperative bleeding however may extend the intraoperative time and pr.....
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February 01, 2021 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED), is a chronic condition affect ocular surface and tears. We intended to evaluate the efficacy of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP), topical eye drops in chronic dry eye diseases. Methods: A prospective study that .....
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January 22, 2020 Case ReportAbstract We report a case of rapid regrowth of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) after macular hole (MH) surgery using the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique. A 63-year-old woman presented with a large full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) with.....
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October 18, 2021 Research ArticleAbstract Objectives: Thermal Stimulation of the Retina (TSR, a photothermal sublethal continuous wave laser) as well as Selective Retina Therapy (SRT, a photodisruptive selective RPE regenerating micro pulsed laser) have shown therapeutic effects on age-rel.....
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August 13, 2021 Review ArticleAbstract In old age quality of life further deteoriate because of macular degeneration (AMD). Bothe the types dry or wet creates vision problems however dry type is not as bad as wet. The earlier management methods for AMD were combersome, the advanced meth.....
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February 22, 2021 Case ReportAbstract Orbital cavernous venous malformation -previously called hemangioma-, is a common adult orbital space occupying lesion. Large symptomatic lesions may warrant surgical removal. Intraoperative bleeding however may extend the intraoperative time and p.....
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February 01, 2021 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED), is a chronic condition affect ocular surface and tears. We intended to evaluate the efficacy of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP), topical eye drops in chronic dry eye diseases. Methods: A prospective study that.....
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December 22, 2020 Case ReportAbstract We report a case of rapid regrowth of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) after macular hole (MH) surgery using the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique. A 63-year-old woman presented with a large full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) with.....
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October 01, 2015 Review ArticleAbstract Contact lens (CL) wear is a common predisposing factor of microbial keratitis (MK). MK in CL wearers is a potentially sight-threatening corneal infection. The causative organism in all MK varies by geographical location and predisposition factors. Th.....
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November 22, 2014 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: To determine the optimal design for pinhole type contact lenses (PCLs) without refractive power for obtaining a full range of resolution (clear vision) from far to near using a visual simulation system. Methods: The PCLs had a 6.0-mm diamet.....
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November 11, 2014 Research ArticleAbstract The association between amblyopia depth and amount of anisometropia remains controversial. Deeper amblyopia is generally associated with a larger magnitude of anisometropia; however, there are also many observed cases of deep amblyopia despite smal.....
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October 30, 2021 Research ArticleAbstract Eight-and-a-half syndrome is a neuro-ophthalmological disorder of eye movements. It consists of an association between paralysis of the horizontal conjugated gaze in one direction (1), internuclear ophthalmoplegia in the opposite direction (1/2) and .....
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September 18, 2020 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: Disinfection between patients is essential for proper hygiene of multi-use contact lens trial sets as there is no standardized procedure to disinfect these lenses. The purpose of this study was to test a potential new disinfection procedure .....
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August 30, 2020 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of topical application of 0.01% hypochlorous acid (HA), in reducing the eyelid margin bacterial flora in comparison to topical 5% povidone-iodine (PI) in healthy individuals. Methods: Randomized, single-masked, cont.....
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August 18, 2020 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: To analyze the effects of various independent factors on the midterm surgical outcomes in different types of strabismus. Materials and methods: Strabismus cases, who underwent surgery, from January 2015 to June 2016 were reviewed. Minimum .....
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August 08, 2020 Research ArticleAbstract To maintain a clear vision in dynamic environment, both accommodative and vergence facilities are imperative, though they are asymmetrical between the eyes. This asymmetrical vergence leads to non strabismic anomalies in children. The position of the.....
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June 09, 2020 Case ReportAbstract Serious infection is uncommon following strabismus surgery. In this paper we report the case of a 6-year-old boy who developed severe unilateral orbital cellulitis with sub-Tenon’s abscess and concomitant bilateral maxillary and ethmoidal sinusitis.....
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May 13, 2020 Short CommunicationAscorbic Aciid (AA) Versus Dehydroascorbic Acid (DHA) in the Aqueous Humor - A Novel Functional UnitAbstract Purpose: To evaluate the significance of AA versus DHA in the aqueous humor of diurnal mammals. Material and Methods: Previous observations are presented in a new context. Results: The ciliary epithelium, the corneal endothelium, and the lens are .....
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April 20, 2020 Mini ReviewAbstract For protection of environmental insults and clear vision the outer most surface (the cornea) of the human eye has to be kept moist with the secretion of the lacrimal gland. During old age (in both the genders) and certain physiological conditions (in.....
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April 20, 2020 Case ReportAbstract Ciliary body melanomas are rare uveal disorders. Due to its anatomical location, it is usually incidentally discovered in advanced stages. There is no established treatment for metastatic disease and the one-year survival rate of these patients is on.....
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December 03, 2018 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification on the intraocular pressure, anterior chamber and pupil diameter in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Methods: 66 eyes of thirty-three patients who had pseudoexfoliation and underwent ph.....
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December 11, 2017 Research ArticleAbstract I report the results of a study that investigated the combined effects of gender and age on luminous efficiency as measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry. Luminous Efficiency functions were derived for 13 male and 14 female color normal subje.....
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November 06, 2017 Case ReportAbstract We report two cases of choroidal melanoma with massive extraocular extension treated in East Tallinn Central Hospital Eye Clinic. Extraocular extension of intraocular melanoma is rare and its management is controversial. The medical records of tw.....
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October 05, 2017 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: To review histology and physiology of the corneal endothelium of the human eye. Methods: Present the main parameters of the endothelial mosaic and its cells to assist the performance and interpretation of corneal specular microscopy examina.....
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October 24, 2017 Research ArticleAbstract Introduction: Open globe injuries remain a serious public health problem, resulting in significant vision loss. The knowledge of the mechanism of injury, quick and correct ophthalmic intervention will help in minimizing visual loss and other ocular c.....
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October 12, 2017 Research ArticleAbstract two-LED testing instrument was developed to investigate the mechanisms of hyperacuity. Two point light sources are observed through the beam splitter cube. The luminance of each light point is approximately 4000 cd/m2, the angular size is 7 arc sec a.....
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September 22, 2017 Research ArticleAbstract Exposure to UV is one of the major risk factor for the development of age related cataracts (ARCs). UV filters present in lens protect the lens and retina from UV induced photo-damage and obstruction of normal vision. UV filters are produced by Kynur.....
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September 24, 2017 Case ReportAbstract Introduction: Best’s vitelliform maculopathy is an autosomal dominant macular dystrophy associated to a mutation in the bestrophin-1 (BEST1) gene. There are some recessive inherited cases called autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB). Case pre.....
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February 04, 2017 Short CommunicationAbstract Purpose: An AC – DC series electrical circuit is developed to simulate myopia progression R = R(t) [diopters], as the accumulated negative voltage at the series capacitor, with voltage Vc = V(t) [volts] representing the refractive error R(t) [diopt.....
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June 20, 2017 Case ReportAbstract Purpose: Foveal hypoplasia is described as an absent or shallow pit, thickened inner retina, shortened outer segments, and an increased retinal thickness. Bilateral foveal hypoplasia is often associated with other ocular comorbidities, including albi.....
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May 26, 2017 Short CommunicationAbstract Background or Purpose: To evaluate the effect of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with joining of the hole edges on the closure of full-thickness macular holes. Methods: clinical interview of surgeon. Various types of macular holes treatment are.....
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July 11, 2017 Editorial
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April 04, 2017 Case ReportAbstract An 85-year-old monocular glaucomatous male patient underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery on his better eye. Three months later his visual acuity worsened, distorted vision appeared. Macular hole was diagnosed. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory treat.....
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March 30, 2017 Case ReportAbstract Aim: To report a case of acute visual loss at the time of intravitreal bevacizumab injection, with exacerbation of chronic kidney disease Methods: A 79 –years- old male, had acute visual loss to hand motion HM immediately at the time of intravitre.....
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February 14, 2017 Short CommunicationAbstract Traditional surgical methods in adults with open-angle glaucomas in which medical and or laser therapy fail include trabeculectomy with adjunctive anti-fibrotics or aqueous shunts. In pediatric cases, goniotomy, trabeculotomy or shunts are employed. .....
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April 11, 2017 Case ReportAbstract Purpose: To report case of a patient who developed intraoperative supero-nasal retinal detachment during surgery for idiopathic macular hole. Methods: Interventional Case report of a 62-year-old male who presented with macular hole in both eyes and .....
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April 11, 2017 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of retinal detachment after pars plana vitrectomy with dye-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling, combined with intraoperative 360° endolaser treatment and silicone oil tamponade for treatment of idiopathic m.....
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November 02, 2016 Case ReportAbstract Purpose: Choroidal osteoma is a rare tumor which features intraocular bone formation. This tumor can be complicated by choroidal neovascularization which is a cause of impaired vision in this condition. We present a case of choroidal osteoma with c.....
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July 01, 2016 Short CommunicationAbstract Objective: During mass screening for glaucoma using frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry, the case showing that reliability coefficients such as ‘false positive’ (FP) or ‘fixation errors’ (FE) (or both) in the FDT test are low is fre.....
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December 19, 2016 Research ArticleAbstract Context: Papua New Guinea (PNG) has been classified by the World Health Organization as a country where Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) exists. Aims: To determine the vitamin A status and identify risk factors of VAD in children aged between 6 months to.....
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October 12, 2016 Case ReportAbstract A 61-year-old male with only a past medical history of Williams syndrome presented with bilateral visually significant cataracts. Although pre-operative evaluation revealed no signs of zonular compromise, marked instability of the zonules was noted.....
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July 29, 2016 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose/Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in patternelectroretinogram (pERG) (P50 wave, N95 wave and NP index) in patients with ocular hypertension (OH) who were treated or not. Also to detect from these changes if there.....
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August 11, 2016 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: To assess the effects of central corneal thickness (CCT) on early postoperative corneal edema (EPCE) after phacoemulsification in patients with healthy corneas. Methods: Sixty-six eyes (44 patients) without evident corneal endothelial patho.....
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April 11, 2016 Research ArticleAbstract Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the longitudinal change in the eye´s axial length (AL), produced by a non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS). Methods: 22 subjects diagnosed with glaucoma were included in the study (14 at one-month fol.....
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January 11, 2016 Review ArticleAbstract Strabismus affects 2–4% of the population and causes loss of binocularity and amblyopia. In the absence of structural brain abnormalities the cause for strabismus remains uncertain. Various research studies have been conducted on the genetic basis .....
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June 04, 2016 Case ReportAbstract Background: Osteomas are benign, slow growing tumors with the potential to generate a variety of sinus, orbital, and ocular symptoms due to their space-occupying nature and often insidious presentation. Though a less common cause of pathology, they .....
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February 12, 2016 Short Communication
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February 09, 2016 Short CommunicationAbstract Introduction: The corneal epithelial inclusion cyst is a rare condition that can affect all layers of the cornea that the trigger would be an old trauma.Materials and methods: A 32 year old patient, admitted for a painful right eye with visual loss a.....
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November 16, 2015 Case ReportAbstract A 3year old boy with vernal keratoconjunctivitis in his both eyes had developed steroid induced cataract and glaucoma in left eye, for which he underwent sequential combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy and cataract surgery. The intraocular pressur.....
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November 05, 2015 Research ArticleAbstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) on the myelinated region of the optic nerve and the response to treatment with the ocular hypotensive drug latanoprost. Ocular hypertension was induced u.....
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October 06, 2015 Review ArticleAbstract The role of certain factors on the progression of diabetic retinopathy needs to be clearly understood by healthcare professionals and patients alike. Detrimental effects can be avoided with effective communication and healthcare provision, ultimately.....
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October 07, 2015 Review ArticleAbstract College students often become -1.0 to -2.0 diopters more myopic, so reading glasses were explored, using theory and experiment, to partially cancel the effects of the study environment. Three computer models are developed to predict refraction R (t.....
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October 07, 2015 Case ReportAbstract Purpose: We encountered 2 cases of rapid thinning of the choroid prior to appearance of polypoid lesions in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) receiving frequent intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (IVR). Case Presentation: Cas.....
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June 03, 2015 Research ArticleAbstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of [Met5] enkephalin, termed opioid growth factor (OGF), as an anti-fibrotic agent in an effort to maximize the time interval before glaucoma-filtering surgical failure. OGF was sterilely prepared in a bi.....
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June 24, 2015 Case ReportAbstract Purpose: This case report illustrates the difficult management of complications produced following the bilateral iris implant of the NewColorIris (NewColorIris, Kahn, and Medical Devices. Methods: We report the case of a 36-year-old man who was refe.....
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February 02, 2015 Clinical ImageAbstract Scleromyxedemaan uncommon type of mucinosis which is very similar to systemic sclerosis. It is a rare report in field of psychodermatology about v and psychological problems. A young man referred to the ophthalmology clinic because of foreign body .....
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February 12, 2015 Research ArticleAbstract The B-wave of photopic 30 Hz flicker ERG can be used to study the altered response of the photoreceptor system in pathologic retinas. We had previously shown that its implicit time is a more reliable parameter than its amplitude to discriminate betwe.....
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November 16, 2014 Research ArticleAbstract The purpose of this work is to compare the rejuvenation techniques employed in the treatment of aging effects on the lower lid and the tear trough. In our case we’ve considered the use of NanoFat grafting and the Hyaluronic Acid combined with Pla.....
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November 16, 2014 Research ArticleAbstract Artificial tears are some of the most commonly used ocular medications. The relative cytotoxicity of the most popular brands is not well established. In this study corneal epithelial cells were cultured in the presence of popular brands of artificial.....
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December 04, 2014 Research ArticleAbstract Objectives: The aim of this study is to characterize the effect of corneal, scleral and lamina cribrosa (LC) elasticity, and intraocular pressure (IOP) on the optic nerve damages. Methods: The effect of corneal, scleral and LC elasticity, and IOP .....
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February 23, 2014 Research ArticleAbstract Objective: To report a case of severe anterior segment toxicity associated to long –term use of trifluridine (3FT). Results: A 71 year-old male with history of long –term use of trifluridine (3FT), a non selective antiviral drug, for a presum.....
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February 23, 2014 Review ArticleAbstract Of the numerous carotenoids found in nature, lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin are deposited in the retina, specifically the macula. These xanthophylls are associated and correlated with healthy and disease states such as Age Related Macular Deg.....
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February 23, 2014 Research ArticleAbstract Background: The normal flora of the eye plays an important role in maintaining ocular homeostasis by various mechanisms. They comprise of mainly bacteria which do not cause infection in normal conditions but can be a main source of infection after .....
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February 23, 2014 Research ArticleAbstract Background: To evaluate the morphological features of filtering blebs after trabeculectomy by using three-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography (3D AS-OCT). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 47 patien.....
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February 23, 2014 Case ReportAbstract Case Report: A case of a 25 year old female is described. Patient presented with diplopia, and anorbital subperiosteal abscess on imaging. Sinus disease was absent. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics and corticosteroids, with complete res.....
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February 23, 2014 Research ArticleAbstract One hundred and twenty seven privately owned Chinese Crested Dogs (CCDs) were screened for Presumed Inherited Eye Disease (PIED). Thirty five cases of a recently discovered presumed inherited pigmentary chorioretinopathy were diagnosed and used for.....
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February 23, 2014 Review ArticleAbstract In this paper, we review current knowledge about the retinal neuroprotective effect of sirtuins. The sirtuins are highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases that are involved in mammalian diseases of agin.....
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February 22, 2014 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: To evaluate the agreement between two independent observers and two retinal oximetry image processing methods. Methods: Optic disc-centered retinal oximetry images acquired using the Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter in 59 normal eyes were process.....
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December 26, 2013 Clinical Image
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December 12, 2014 Case ReportAbstract A 62-year-old woman complaining of night blindness and unclear vision in both eyes for the previous 10 years was referred to our hospital. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 0.6 in both eyes. Fundus examination showed geographic macular atrophy w.....
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October 02, 2014 Research ArticleAbstract Background: Open globe injuries generally have a poor visual outcome. Some studies have shown no difference between cases that had prompt surgical intervention and those where surgery was delayed; whereas others have shown a difference. Objectives:.....
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September 30, 2013 Short CommunicationAbstract Objective: To report uncommon Didanosine-associated retinal toxicity in a HIV infected patient. Method: Case report Results: A 51-year-old HIV-infected female, treated with didanosine (ddI) for 16 years, with history of decreased night vision, peri.....
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September 24, 2013 Short Communication
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August 21, 2013 Editorial
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August 16, 2013 Research ArticleAbstract The purpose of this work is to report the results of an experiment that examined gender differences in response to a chromatic saturation-like task. We measured contrast thresholds of 37 subjects (19 women, 18 men) to circular patches of uniform co.....
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August 09, 2013 Review ArticleAbstract We present a limited review of the literature on gender differences in visual processing. We then add evidence to that body of literature, reporting the results of an examination of gender differences in response to stimulus conditions favoring mag.....
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August 01, 2013 Review Article
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July 19, 2013 Review ArticleAbstract Recent progress implies that sPLA2-IIa plays a critical role in dry eye disease (DED) associated ocular surface inflammation beyond its well-known bactericidal. Understanding of the mechanisms and pathophysiology of this enzyme may provide the key le.....
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July 03, 2013 Review Article
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July 19, 2013 Research ArticleAbstract Purpose: Fast sequence fluorescein angiography is a commonly diagnostic procedure employed in retinal pathology. We evaluate the safety of sodium fluorescein for use in fundus angiography. Methods: A total of 14,455 fluorescein angiographies were.....
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June 25, 2013 Review ArticleAbstract The 26S proteasome is a proteolytic complex that degrades damaged and misfolded proteins in cells. Not only is the proteasome essential for maintaining protein homeostasis and cell survival, but it also plays pivotal roles in regulating cell cycle, s.....